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PYRAMIDS

PYRAMIDS. BY: ALEX. The Great Pyramid of Giza. aka, Pyramid of Khufu and Pyramid of Cheops . Who was it used for?. Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu and his wives, who lived around 2560B.C. INTERIOR. KING’S CHAMBER

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PYRAMIDS

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  1. PYRAMIDS BY: ALEX

  2. The Great Pyramid of Giza aka, Pyramid of Khufu and Pyramid of Cheops

  3. Who was it used for? Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu and his wives, who lived around 2560B.C.

  4. INTERIOR • KING’S CHAMBER • QUEEN’S CHAMBER • GRAND GALLERY • UNDERGROUND CHAMBER

  5. KING’S CHAMBER • measures about 34 feet by 17 feet and 19 feet • contains stone sarcophagus, which was made out of one block of granite • 9 slabs of granite; each one estimated to be around 50 tons in weight • has flat roof • consists of an empty sarcophagus (7.3 ft by 3.75 ft) • smooth walls and a polished ceiling • floor is made with blocks of pink granite, which cover 60 square meters • six meters tall

  6. Continued • built by solid blocks of granite that weigh about 50 tons • year-round temperature comfortable at precisely 68 degrees Fahrenheit • Is connected by the Grand Gallery • Has twenty blocks of granite on the floor • Two narrow shafts at each side of the wall at 3m high

  7. QUEEN’S CHAMBER • measures 18 feet by 17 feet and 20 feet • original depth of the was 1.04 meters (3.4 ft) • has a pointed ceiling and its walls are bare and uninscribed • walls and ceiling are all made of limestone • floor is rough • has two airshafts, at the north and the south walls • has a niche at the back wall • connected with the grand gallery

  8. EXTERIOR • 1,300,000 blocks ranging in weight from 2.5 tons to 15 tons • sides measuring about 230m (755ft), covering 13 acres • has an angle of 52 degrees • original height of the Pyramid was 146.5m (488ft), but today it is only • 5.5 million tons of limestone, 8,000 tons of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tons of mortar were used in the construction • 137m mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes • was surfaced by white "casing stones" – slant-faced, but flat-topped, blocks of highly polished white limestone

  9. Grand Gallery • 8.6 meters (28 ft) high and 46.68 meters (153.1 ft) long. At the base it is 2.06 meters (6.8 ft) wide • the top the Grand Gallery is only 1.04 meters (3.4 ft) wide • The floor of the Grand Gallery consists of a shelf or step on either side, 51 centimeters (20 in) wide • At the top of the Grand Gallery there is a step giving onto a horizontal passage • Connects to the king’s and the queen’s chamber • Is at a slope

  10. Pyramid of Khafre

  11. Who was it used for? • Fourth dynasty pharaoh who lived around 2558-2532B.C.

  12. King’s Chamber • measures 14.2m by 5m by 6.9m (46.5ft by 16.5ft by 22.5ft) • A large, black sarcophagus is found in this room. • sarcophagus was carved out of a solid block of granite • To take the weight of the pyramid, the roof of the chamber is set at the same angles as the pyramid face • The burial chamber is underground

  13. The two corridors • Two entrance lead up to the king’s chamber • The entrance to the corridor is 50ftabove the ground • descends at a 25-degree angle • The lower corridor is right under the top corridor • it leads to the burial chamber • Eventually, the two corridors join together

  14. Exterior • 136m (446 ft) tall, with sides of 214.5m (704ft) • surface area of 11 acres • has an angle of 53 degrees • original heightis143.5m (471ft) • casing stones cover the top third of the pyramid • stones used at the bottom are very large, but as the pyramid rises, the stones become smaller • bottom course of casing stones was made out of pink granite

  15. Pyramid of Menkaure

  16. Who was it used for? • was built to serve as the tomb of the fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Menkaure

  17. Exterior • only a mere 65.5m (215ft) tall, nowadays 62m (203ft), with sides of only 105m (344ft) and • has an angle of 51.3 degrees. • only partly cased in Turah limestone, from about 15m up • first 15 meters was cased with pink granite, which had come from Aswan • Has a north facing entrance

  18. Interior • simple descending corridor and burial chamber • a wooden anthropoid coffin inscribed with Menkaure's name • Has a sarcophagus that is made out of basalt(it is now sunk underwater • Has several extra rooms that are empty

  19. How a Pyramid is Built • Labourers used copper chisels and saws to cut and to shape the stone blocks • workers tied the block on a sled • 3 they pulled the sled by pulling them putting them on wheels, which were logs • They carried the blocks to the pyramid building place • They continued this process • As the pyramid got taller and taller, the workers built a ramp made from wooden bricks • These blocks were levered to get them exactly at the right spot

  20. Continued • When the pyramid was finished, a bright, white coatings were used to protect the stones underneath

  21. Extra pics

  22. History • The Egyptians around 3000-2500 BC devoted a lot of energy to building big buildings. They were all built during the Old kingdom, so that the greatest remains of Ancient Egypt are also some of the earliest to have been built! The Step Pyramid is one of the first of these new fancy tombs. The Step Pyramid is one of the first of these new fancy tombs. But Gradually, Egyptians decided to fill in the gaps, which was a pyramid we know today. The first one of these is the Khufu's Great Pyramid

  23. Did you know?? • A sphinx was built to protect the pyramids • A sphinx is a large structure that is half man and half lion • Nile river is the longest river in the world • Egypt was once separated in to two, upper and lower Egypt • Hieroglyphics are the earliest form of writing

  24. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING!!!

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