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Network ： The Future

Network ： The Future. Jintong Lin 24 Oct 2009, BUPT. Outline. Current Status of Networks Emerging Supportive Technologies End-to-End Broadband Network Research Programs World-Wide The concept and framework for the future network Conclusion. Network: Integration of ICT.

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Network ： The Future

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  1. Network：The Future Jintong Lin 24 Oct 2009, BUPT

  2. Outline • Current Status of Networks • Emerging Supportive Technologies • End-to-End Broadband Network • Research Programs World-Wide • The concept and framework for the future network • Conclusion

  3. Network: Integration of ICT • Opto-electronics • Micro-electronics • Information collecting and sensing • Information processing • Information storage and display • Telecommunication technology • Computation • Information security

  4. Current Status of Networks • FTTH: Broadband with >100Mb/s • CATV: Popular worldwide • The Internet Traffic: 1000 times larger in 10 years • Web 2.0 applications: Blog, SNS, YouTube, Second Life, Google Services, … • Various Networks: Home-Net, Sensor-Net, WPAN • 3G Cellular Phone with versatile applications: e-mail, digital camera, prepaid cashing, user authentication, TV monitor (One Segment),…

  5. Supportive Technologies • Streaming media: real time transmission of digital contents. • Optical fiber: high capacity networking. • Wireless: individual access any time, any where. • Internet: information resource /channels.

  6. Video Drives Bandwidth Demand The age of public creativity Sources: OIDA, TI, Wikipedia, Mashable social networking 2.0; P Cashmere (2006), Yahoo news (N Finn 2006) 2014/10/1

  7. Video of the future • Pixels LinesCompressed • SDTV 720×576 ×8×2×25 166Mb/s 6M • HDTV 1920×1080 × … 829Mb/s 20M • Super-HDTV (Digital Film) • 3840×2048 ×… 4.53Gb/s • HD Holographic • 400k×400k ×… 230Tb/s 23T

  8. How to solve the bandwidth crisis • 1) Increase the available spectrum • 2) Use the spectrum more efficiently

  9. Thanks to Dr. Charles K Kao

  10. Capacity x Distance Growth (over single fibre) 10

  11. Spectral efficiency

  12. 32Tb/s DWDM Transmission • AT&T, NEC, Corning（OFC2009） • 320×114Gb/s ×580km • PDM-RZ-8QAM, • SMF-28 with super-low loss

  13. Spec. efficiency vs. years (Mobile)

  14. Fiber net.: the landscape Capacity 5Tb/s 10Tb/s 10~40Tb/s No.Wave 100-200 200-500 500-1000 DataRate 2.5-10Gb/s 10-40Gb/s 160Gb/s-1Tb/s Bandwidth 100nm 200nm 400nm Tech. OADM/OXCOpt.Router all-opt. switch DWDM OBS OTDM QPSK Self-adaptOpt.3Rphot.integration disp.compen.W.Conver.Quant.com. 2000 20102020

  15. PDM-QPSK and OFDM

  16. Photonic integration: which one? • Silicon CMOS • Planar glass integration: do not underestimate its potential • Nano photonics Optical Functionality: the smallest size possible the lowest energy possible the shortest switching time possible

  17. The Vision of Nano-photonic Circuits [S. I. Bozhevolnyi et al., Nature 440, 508 (2006)] • Plasmons as information carriers: • small bending angles • High integration density • Broadband Au Film Light “out” Light In Grating Surface Plasmon wave Electro-optical modulator Logic gate Detector Optical memory EPSRC NanoPhotonics Portfolio Centre / Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton

  18. All-Optical Networks Access Network (FTTX) Access Network Subscriber 16 Subscriber 3 Passive splitter (Local gateway) Subscriber 2 Subscriber 1 Coded Channels 1-16 Central Office Metro (Core) Coded Channels Central Office Business Ring Long haul Address 2 Address 1 Can we go all-optical? 2014/10/1

  19. What are the components still missing? noisy data regenerated data • Fibre devices remain major possibilities • Optical power no longer a problem! • A fs switch with mw threshold Optical transmission is still analogue! We need pulse reshaping and noise thresholding Microstructured fibres a strong contender • An optical buffer Photons still cannot be stored! We want routing in the optical domain – 40 Packet buffers ‘Slow light’ struggles to beat simple optical fibre delay lines

  20. Today’s wired = tomorrow’s wireless Data speed Systems beyond 3G FixedCommunications FTTH 1G 802.16 family 802.11 family ● LTE (50M/100M) 100M VDSL ● W-CDMA/TD-SCDMA HSDPA (14M) 10M CATV xDSL 1M ● cdma2000 EV-DO (2.4M) IMT-2000 100K ISDN PHS ● W-CDMA TD-SCDMA cdma200 10K Voice band modem 1K 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

  21. End-to-End Broadband Networking Optical ≥100Gb/s per channel First cms Long-Haul First Miles Metro WAN First meters Metro WAN Last Miles Last meters Last cms ≥40Gb/sFTTH WDM PON TDM PON >10 Gb/sWireless & MMW-ROF >10 Gb/sMulti-band MM-W Inter-connect 2014/10/1

  22. ECMA-387 60 GHz wireless interconnects for memory access In the box 1000 802.15.3a UWB 100 802.11n 802.11a/g Data rate (Mb/s) Fixed 10 802.16 WiMax 802 15 3 802.11b WiFi Canopy Mobile/Nomadic 802.16e / 20 1 Bluetooth UMTS / HSDPA/ 1xEVDO 802.15.1 GPRS/EDGE ZigBee 802.15.4 0.1 GSM/TDMA Range (m) Blackberry 100 1000 10000 100000 10 1 Wireless：bandwidth & coverage ECMA：European Computer Manufacturers Association 12/2008 High Rate 60 GHz PHY, MAC and HDMI PAL WPAN

  23. Broadband Access Network Convergence Capacity Data Rate Mobility 10Mb/s --- 100Mb/s 274 Mb/s 1Gb/s --- 10Gb/s 10-Km 200-Km over air 200-Km over fiber 10-m over air Next Generation Integrated Optical and Wireless Access Networks WiFi 2.4GHz (802.11b/g) 5GHz (802.11a) WiMAX 2.5, 3.5GHz 10, 26GHz DoD Ku-band 11-18 GHz millimeter-wave LTE 700MHz MVDS 40GHz MBS 60GHz 70-90GHz Wireless MMDS LMDS 2-3GHz 26-29GHz Frequency TDM-PON WDM PON GPON 2.5Gb/s Wireline EPON 1.25Gb/s BPON Copper 622Mb/s Optical APON ADSL/ Cable 155Mb/s Time <10Mb/s MMDS: multichannel multipoint distribution service, LDMS: local multi-point distribution service MVDS: microwave video distribution system, MBS: mobile broadband system 24

  24. 60GHz MMW： providing Gb/s access Prohibited Space and fixed & mobile apps. Wireless LAN Japan Unlicensed Pt.-to-Pt. E.U. Wireless LAN Unlicensed U.S. ISM 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 GHz Prohibited Space comm. Unlicensed Pt to Pt A license free band near 60GHz has up to 8 GHz antenna resonant bandwidth available for wireless communications. It can provide super broadband wireless data and HD video links at > 1Gb/s. 25

  25. Last meters：WPAN Current WLAN/WPAN (WiFiIEEE802.11a/b/g/n, Bluetooth,UWB) • Inadequate bandwidth overly congested • Increased interference • Lower capacity • Relatively low data rates • Power limitation MMW-Band (60 GHz) for WPAN (ECMA-387, WiFi VHT, IEEE802.15.3.c and WiMedia) • No interference with existing RF channels • Short-range (<10 m) wireless comm. • Reconfigurable and reusable channels • Ultra-high date rates up to 16-Gb/s 26

  26. Network Architecture by ITU-T

  27. Near-future Objectives • Replace legacy telephone networks with the IP-based networks • Integrate various services Quadruple-play Services: Voice, Data, Video, Cellular Phone • Solve the issues that the Internet is facing Application-oriented QoS control Mobility support Weakness for security • Maintain the safety and reliability of telephone services

  28. TCP/IP / Web / Search Engine Vinton G. Cerf & Robert E. Kahn Chad Hurley & Steve Chen 2014/10/1

  29. Research Programs for future network

  30. Research Program in China • Controllable, Manageable, Measurable IP Network (973-07) • Cognitive Radio (973-08) • Optoelectronic Devices & Nano-Heterostructures(973-09) • Controllable Pbit/s Optical Network (973-09) • Pbit/s Optical Transmission Technologies (973-09) • High-speed optical signal processing technologies and devices in New Generation Optical Network (NSF) • Fiber sensor network and the key technologies(NSF-07) • 60G ROF (NSF-08) • 100G OOFDM (NSF-09) • New gen. of high creditability network (863-07) • Self-organization networks and computing technology (863) • CNGI(863)

  31. GENI: Key Concepts(GENI: Global Environment for Network Innovations)

  32. About FIND Project(FIND: Future InternetDesign) • New architecture principles • Compassable architectural building blocks • Recursive network architecture • Delay tolerant network architectures • Disaster networks • Cache and forward network (for large files) • Network technology and architectures • Wireless Networks • Optical Networks • Services architectures

  33. EU Program: From FP6 to FP7 • 6th Framework Program (FP6) • 390MEuro for ICT • 2002-2006 (5 years) • 7th Framework Program (FP7) • 2007-2013 (7 years) • 910MEuro for ICT 2001 2006 2013

  34. FIRE：Future Internet Research and Experimentation Long term multidisciplinary research on future Internet paradigms Open to fresh bottom-up ideas with no backwards-compatibility constraints Build in from the outset and on all levels the right balance between security/accountability and privacy FIRE is an experimentally-driven long-term research initiative on Future Internet concepts, protocols an architectures, encompassing technological, industrial and socio-economic aspects. 2014/10/1

  35. AKARI in Japan Research Architecture and Key Technologies JGN 2 JGN2+ JGN3 Funding for Research Projects in Univ. and/or Industry Testbed Funding AKARI Project - a small light in the dark pointing to the future - • Designing new generation network architecture • Pick up techniques • Integrate & simplify them under the clean slate design concept

  36. AKARI Project’s R&D Plan

  37. Application Overlay Network Multi-layer control Mechanism (IP+ α) NW / Post IP NW Underlay Network Photonic NW Sensor NW Mobile NW Study Items for FNet Architecture

  38. Architecture Study in AKARI Connectionless Datagram Packet Combination of Packet and Circuit Switched Networking Identification & Location Separate Structure Naming & Discovery New Scheme should be needed Layered Architecture Cross-layered Architecture Mobile Networking PDMA (Packet Division Multiple Access) Overlay network Overlay testbed over JGN2 Autonomous/Self-organization mechanism Network Science

  39. Requirements for the future net. • Network Capacity 1000times in 10years Backbone Node: 1Pb/s, Backbone Link: 10Tb/s FTTH: 10Gb/s • No. of Appliances Ubiquitous appliances 100 billion appliances / 1 million broadcast stations • Capacity of contents From 100 bit (sensor/RFID) to 5Tb (2 hour 4K digital film contents) and more • Transparency / Openness / Simplicity KISS principle: Keep it simple and stupid Controlled transparency for security

  40. Requirements for future net. (cont.) • Reliability: Protection of Privacy, Traceability • Ubiquity: Ubiquitous appliances and contents Full mobility support • Sustainability and adaptability for technological advances • Low Power consumption Prediction: ICT systems will occupy about 50% of total power consumption with current technology in 10 years!

  41. New Applications • Grid Computing over optical networks • Display for visualization of e-science • Digital Film, 2d/3d • ODS (Other Digital Stuff)

  42. OptlPuter 100M pixelsdisplay 55-Panel display 100 Megapixels 30×10GE interfaces 1/3 Tera bit/sec Driven by 30 unit Cluster of 64 bit Dual Operons 60 TB Disk Linked to OtlPuter Working with NASA ARC Hyperwall Team to Unify Software Source: Jason Leigh, Tome DeFanti, EVL@UIC

  43. 4K Digital Cinema Prototype System Vertical scan lines2048 Lines Horizontalpixels3840 Pixels（４K) D-ILA 4K Projector JPEG2000 Real Time Decoder Source:ＮＴＴ Labs.

  44. Conclusion • Broadband Network is definitely needed for the fast-increasing information traffic • Great efforts are made in the progress of supportive technologies • Various projects are carried out worldwide for the concept and framework of the future network • An advanced network will be realized to meet the requirements for the future

  45. Thank You! Acknowledgement to: D.N. Payne, Univ. of Southampton G.K. Chang, Georgia-Tech. Wu Hequan, China Academy of Eng. Tomonori Aoyama, NICT Jintong Lin www.bupt.edu.cn Email: ljt@bupt.edu.cn Tel: 86 -10 - 62282332

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