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Q2008 Conference Rome 2008

Q2008 Conference Rome 2008 The Relevance of ‘Private Household’ for Cross-cultural Survey Comparison by Uwe Warner, CEPS/INSTEAD, Differdange Luxembourg and Jürgen H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, GESIS-ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany. The structure Different household definitions across European countries

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Q2008 Conference Rome 2008

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  1. Q2008 Conference Rome 2008 The Relevance of ‘Private Household’ for Cross-cultural Survey Comparison by Uwe Warner, CEPS/INSTEAD, Differdange Luxembourg and Jürgen H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, GESIS-ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany

  2. The structure • Different household definitions across European countries • from the ESS fieldwork instrument • from (Micro-) Census • The various household structures based on different definitions • The impact of the obtained household information on • total net household income • socio economic status of a household and its members • A proposal for harmonizing the background variable household for comparative surveys • Conclusion 2

  3. A. Different household definitions across European countries It is important to know the HH concepts because: • Different definitions constitute various memberships to a HH and generate different answers to the HH-size and relation variables • Variations in the number of persons (and there relationships) contributing to the HH total income and the consumptions of HH resources are observable • Socio economic status of all HH members is in generally defined by the highest position of a HH member • And others … 3

  4. a. Some examples from the ESS fieldwork instrument MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE And finally, I would like to ask you a few details about yourself and others in your household. F1 Including yourself, how many people – including children – live here regularly as members of this household? WRITE IN NUMBER: (Don’t know) 88 4

  5. Interviewer Instructions of ESS: One person living alone or a group of people living at the same address (and have that address as their only or main residence), who either share at least one main meal a day or share the living accommodation (or both). Included are: people on holiday, away working or in hospital for less than 6 months; school- age children at boarding school; students sharing private accommodation. Excluded are: people who have been away for 6 months or more, students away at university or college; temporary visitors. EUROPEAN SOCIAL SURVEY 2002 Project Instructions (PAPI) ESS Document date: 15/07/02, Autumn 2002 5

  6. permanently, always GERMANY Wie viele Personen leben ständig in diesem Haushalt, Sie selbst eingeschlossen? Denken Sie dabei bitte auch an alle im Haushalt lebenden Kinder. ANZAHL EINTRAGEN Antwort verweigert97 Weiß nicht98 6

  7. SWITZERLAND Wenn Sie sich selbst dazuzählen, wie viele Personen - Kinder eingeschlossen - leben regelmässig als Mitglieder in Ihrem Haushalt ? Und nun möchte ich Ihnen noch ein paar Fragen zu Ihrer Person und zu den anderen Personen in Ihrem Haushalt stellen. - weiss nicht 88 eingeben ! MAXIMUM 9 PERSONEN EINGEBEN. your household 7

  8. SWITZERLAND Combien de personnes, vous même et les enfants y compris, vivent régulièrement comme membres de votre ménage ? Et finalement, je voudrais vous demander quelques détails à propos de vous et des autres membres de votre ménage. Si ne sait pas - coder '88' ! POSSIBILITE MAXIMUM DE 9 PERSONES. your household 8

  9. SWITZERLAND Quante persone, i bambini e Lei inclusi - vivono qui regolarmente, quali membri della Sua economia domestica ? E infine, vorrei conoscere alcuni dettagli su di lei e gli altri componenti della Sua economia domestica. Se non so - introdurre '88' ! POSSIBILITÀ D'INTRODURRE 9 PERSONE AL MASSIMO. “economic home” 9

  10. ITALY Desidererei avere alcune informazioni su di Lei e su ciascuna persona che compone la sua famiglia. F1 Compresi Lei ed eventuali bambini, quante persone vivono regolarmente in questa casa come membri della famiglia? SCRIVERE IN NUMERO: (Non so) 88 family 10

  11. LUXEMBOURG Wie viele Personen leben ständig in diesem Haushalt, Sie selbst eingeschlossen? Denken Sie dabei bitte auch an alle im Haushalt lebenden Kinder. Anzahl eintragen (Weiß nicht) 88 this household 11

  12. LUXEMBOURG Y compris vous-même – et vos enfants – combien de personnes vivent ici de façon régulière comme membres de votre ménage? Ecrivez en chiffres (Ne sait pas) 88 your household 12

  13. LUXEMBOURG Incluindo-o(a) a si e aos seus filhos – quantas pessoas residem aqui de forma regular como membros do seu agregado? Escrever:. (Não sabe) 88 ? 13

  14. PORTUGAL GOSTARIA DE LHE FAZER ALGUMAS PERGUNTAS SOBRE SI E AS OUTRAS PESSOAS QUE VIVEM NESTA CASA F1: Contando consigo, quantas pessoas – incluindo crianças – vivem habitualmente nesta casa? ESCREVER O NÚMERO: Recusa 77 Não sabe 88 Não Responde 99 usually house 14

  15. Summary of the ESS findings Different >units< across the countries: “household” “dwelling” “house” “economic home” “family” 15

  16. Findings so far • Confusing number of definition elements across the countries • Translation difficulties: the vocabulary does not exist in the target language (e.g. Portugal) • The concept “household” is ambiguous in the target culture (e.g. Italy) • No cross nationally harmonized measurements in national surveys 16

  17. b. (Micro-) Census dimensions of HH definitions • share a common budget, income and/or expenditure 1.1 share a common budget 1.2 share income 1.3 share expenditures 1.4 share fully or partly living costs 1.5 common contribution to shared vital necessities of life 17

  18. common housekeeping and/or sharing the organization of life 2.1 common housekeeping in an “economic unit” 2.2 shared living room 2.3 common comestibles and food 2.4 common meals a) once a day b) at least once a week 2.5 living together 18

  19. shared dwelling and/or common habitation 3.1 common habitation, reside together 3.2 shared common dwelling 3.3 have the same address 3.4 registered at the same address 3.5 the address where most of the nights are spend 19

  20. family relations by blood and/or legal regulations and/or emotional ties 4.1 legal family relations 4.2 family ties by marriage and adoption 4.3 emotional ties 20

  21. Country Elements included population Denmark 3.4 registered at the same address France 3.2 share the common dwelling Luxemb 2.5 + 3.2 live together and share the common dwelling Germany 1.1 + 3.1 share a common budget, common habitation England 2.4a/2.2 + 3.3 daily common meal or share living room and at the same address Italy 4 family relations, independent from common habitation and address 21

  22. B. Household structures based on different definitions • Consequences for the relationship dwelling by household • Consequences for the household size • Consequences for the household composition 22

  23. a. Relations of dwelling by household Denmark: n dwellings by 1 household France: 1 dwelling by 1 household Luxemb: 1 dwelling by n households Germany: 1 dwelling by n households UK: 1 dwelling by n households Italy: n dwellings by 1 family 23

  24. b. Household size 24

  25. 26

  26. 27

  27. 28

  28. 29

  29. C. The impact on a. total net household income and b. socio economic status of a household and its members 30

  30. Persons address no. of dwelling grandfather A 2 grandmother A 2 father A and B 1 or 4 mother A 1 child no. 2 student A and C 1 or 5 child no. 3 A 1 uncle D 3 child no. 1 E 6 son-in-law E 6 grandchild E 6

  31. Table 12: Household composition and household income in Italy HH Persons Income OECD-modified equivalised Scale HH income HH1 uncle 1500 0.5 grandfather 1800 0.5 grandmother 0 0.5 father 2500 1.0 mother 500 0,5 child no. 1 400 0.5 son-in-law 2500 0.5 grandchild 0 0.3 child no. 2 1000 0.5 child no. 3 600 0.3 total 10800 5.1 2118

  32. Table 13: equivalised HHincome in Denmark HH1 uncle 1500 1.0 1500 HH2 grandfather 1800 0.5 grandmother 0 0.5 father 2500 1.0 mother 500 0.5 child no. 2 1000 0.5 child no. 3 600 0.3 total 6400 3.3 1939 HH3 child no.1 400 0.5 son-in-law 2500 1.0 grandchild 0 0.3 total 2900 1.8 1611 average household income 1683

  33. Table 14: equivalised HHincome in France HH1 uncle 1500 1.0 1500 HH2 grandfather 1800 1.0 grandmother 0 0.5 total 1800 1.5 1200 HH3 father 2500 1.0 mother 500 0.5 child no. 2 1000 0.5 child no. 3 600 0.3 total 4600 2.3 2000 HH4 child no. 1 400 0.5 son-in-law 2500 1.0 grandchild 0 0.3 total 2900 1.8 1611 average household income 1578

  34. Table 15: equivalised HHincome in Luxembourg HH1 uncle 1500 1.0 1500 HH2 grandfather 1800 1.0 grandmother 0 0.5 total 1800 1.5 1200 HH3 father 2500 1.0 mother 500 0.5 child no. 3 600 0.3 total 3600 1.8 2000 HH4 child no. 1 400 0.5 son-in-law 2500 1.0 grandchild 0 0.3 total 2900 1.8 1611 HH5 child no. 2 1000 1.0 1000 average household income 1462

  35. Table 16: equivalised HHincome inEngland HH1 uncle 1500 1.0 1500 HH2 grandfather 1800 1,0 grandmother 0 0,5 total 1800 1,5 1200 HH3 father 2500 1,0 2500 HH4 mother 500 1,0 child no. 3 600 0,3 total 1100 1,3 846 HH5 child no. 1 400 0,5 son-in-law 2500 1,0 grandchild 0 0,3 total 2900 1,8 1611 HH6 child no. 2 1000 0,1 1000 average household income 1443

  36. Table 17: Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in Italy HH No. ISCO-88 ISEI overall status HH1 uncle 7422 33 grandfather 8285 30 Father 3112 45 Mother 7331 29 son-in-law 2142 69 69 *) All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed.

  37. Table 18: Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in Denmark HH No. ISCO-88 ISEI overall status HH1 uncle 7422 33 33 HH2 grandfather 8285 30 father 3112 45 45 mother 7331 29 HH3 son-in-law 2142 69 69 *) All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed.

  38. Table 19: Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in France HH No. ISCO-88 ISEI overall status HH1 uncle 7422 33 33 HH2 grandfather 8285 30 30 HH3 father 3112 45 45 mother 7331 29 HH4 son-in-law 2142 69 69 *) All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed.

  39. Table 20: Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in Luxembourg HH No. ISCO-88 ISEI overall status HH1 uncle 7422 33 33 HH2 grandfather 8285 30 30 HH3 father 3112 45 45 mother 7331 29 HH4 son-in-law 2142 69 69 HH5 child no. 2 studying n/a see father *) All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed.

  40. Table 21: Socio-economic status (ISEI) of the household members* in England HH No. ISCO-88 ISEI overall status HH1 uncle 7422 33 33 HH2 grandfather 8285 30 30 HH3 father 3112 45 45 HH4 mother 7331 29 29 HH5 son-in-law 2142 69 69 HH6 child no. 2 studying n/a see father *) All persons who are not employed and who, therefore, have no status of their own (ISEI), are not listed.

  41. D. A proposal for harmonizing the household variable for comparative surveys • We propose four questions • one question lists all persons who are members or not by using a show card • Three questions deal with the combination of dwelling and household 42

  42. 1. A household is built from all persons living together and have a common housekeeping. These are (listed on a show card) - yourself - all other adults living in this household permanently - all children and the babies living in this household permanently - all people in education, training, pupils and students being temporarily and momentarily absent 43

  43. (show card continued) - also persons being momentarily absent because of the job, like weekend commuters, seasonal workers and persons being away for a construction job - people on community and civilian service, also military service - people being absent for maximal half a year because of sickness and holidays - people being absent for maximal half a year because of other reasons, like imprisonment on remand - also included are domestic workers, au-pairs and caregivers/nurses 44

  44. (show card continued) Not counted as household members are: - regular, professional soldiers and police men living in barracks and caserns - family members living in nursing homes and homes for the elderly - people being absent longer than half a year - visitors and also long-time visitors 45

  45. 1a. Please, fill in the number of persons: 2. Is this household spread over more than one dwelling? yes no If yes: 2a. How many different dwellings? Please, fill in the number of dwellings: 46

  46. 2b. In this dwelling, how many people share the common house keeping? Please count again all persons also the children and the persons being absent for maximal half a year because of work, education, sickness or holidays. Please, fill in the number of persons: 47

  47. E. Conclusion • Transparency of the household definition • to data producers • to interviewers • to interviewees • to data users • Common in-/exclusion rules of household membership • across countries • across cultures 48

  48. Easier to survey • Less discrepancies among the household configurations and types during the fieldwork • More reliable information for cross-national and cross-cultural analyses obtained 49

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