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S I Z E

By: Alec Keyzer. I O N. and Christina Norman. S I Z E. Definition. It is the size of an atom after it becomes ionized Based on its election configuration, electrons are lost or gained The radius of the cation is always smaller than that of the atom from which it is derived In other words:

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S I Z E

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  1. By: Alec Keyzer ION and Christina Norman SIZE

  2. Definition • It is the size of an atom after it becomes ionized • Based on its election configuration, electrons are lost or gained • The radius of the cation is always smaller than that of the atom from which it is derived • In other words: • Electrons lost – Smaller • The radius of the anion is always larger than that of the atom from which it is derived • In other words: • Electrons gained – Larger

  3. Trend as You Go Down Ion Size gets bigger as you go down the periodic table because the atoms are bigger. (DUH)

  4. AP Chem Explanation There really isn’t an AP Chem explanation for this trend The weight of the atom gets bigger, and so does the ion, since they all lose the same amount of electrons as the one above it, so they all get equally smaller, which doesn’t affect the pattern as you go down the periodic table

  5. Trend as You Go Across For positive ions, (Li+, Na+, Be2+) the ions get smaller as they go right across the table until you reach the negative ions For negative ions, (F-, Cl-, O2-) the ions get bigger as they go left across the table until you reach the positive ions In other words, going from left to right, they get smaller, and then get bigger and then smaller again.

  6. AP Chem Explanation Cations lose electrons (Positively charged) Protons remain constant in ions and atoms, and since there are less electrons there is a greater nucleic pull on the electrons, making the ion smaller than the original atom If the proton to electron ratio is greater (more protons) then the pull will also be greater, causing the ion to be smaller Anions gain electrons (Negatively charged) More electrons gained  less pull, bigger ion Proton:Electron is smaller  less pull, bigger ion

  7. Units The units for ion size/radius are picometres (pm) or Angstrom (Å), with 1 Å = 100 pm The Angstrom Family Pico Project Picower Pico Winter Pico de gallo

  8. Exceptions NOBLE GASES They don’t form ions, so they don’t have an ion size THEREFORE they are an exception, breaking the trend 

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