Tobacco

1. Tobacco Theresa Malaspina PHE-326 U

2. Introduction to Tobacco • Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causing many diseases and affecting the health of smokers in general. Quitting smoking has immediate as well as long-term benefits for you and your loved ones.

3. Harmful Chemicals in Tobacco Cancer causing ingredients: • Among 250 harmful chemicals in tobacco, at least 69 can cause cancer. Ex: • Arsenic • Benzene • Cadmium • Nickel • Formaldehyde http://www.cancer.gov

4. Dangers of Tobacco Use • Cancer • Heart Disease & Stroke • Respiratory Health • Secondhand Smoke • Smoking During Pregnancy

5. Cancer • The risk of developing lung cancer is about 23 times higher among men and 13 times higher among women who smoke than nonsmokers. • Cigarette smoking increases the risk for many cancers including: • Lip • Oral cavity • Pharynx • Esophagus • Pancreas • Lung • Uterine cervix • Urinary bladder • Kidney Source: CDC

6. Heart Disease & Stroke • Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smokers are 2–4 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than nonsmokers. • Cigarette smoking approximately doubles a person's risk for stroke. • Cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by narrowing the blood vessels (arteries). People who smoke have a much greater risk of developing peripheral vascular disease than nonsmokers.

7. Smoking causes abdominal aortic aneurysm. • Secondhand smoke exposure causes heart disease and lung cancer in nonsmoking adults. • Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work increase their heart disease risk by 25–30% and their lung cancer risk by 20–30%. • Breathing secondhand smoke has immediate harmful effects on the cardiovascular system that can increase the risk of heart attack. People who already have heart disease are at especially high risk. Source: CDC

8. Respiratory Health Cigarette smoking also causes or increases the risk of getting other lung diseases and conditions. Smoking causes bronchitis and emphysema. When a smoker has bronchitis, his/her bronchial tubes become inflamed or irritated. They produce too much mucus. This mucus blocks the tubes, and the smoker coughs a lot. http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit4/3other_health.html • About 90% of all deaths from chronic obstructive lung diseases are attributable to cigarette smoking. • Cigarette smoking is associated with a tenfold increase in the risk of dying from chronic obstructive lung disease. Source: CDC

9. Secondhand Smoke Effects on children Effects on adults • Ear infections • Asthma attacks • Respiratory symptoms • Respiratory infections • Greater risk for SIDS • 18 months and younger: an estimated 150,000–300,000 new cases of bronchitis and pneumonia annually, and approximately 7,500–15,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States • Lung Cancer • Heart Disease Source: CDC

10. Smoking During Pregnancy • Lower the amount of oxygen available to you and your growing baby. • Increase your baby's heart rate. • Increase the chances of miscarriage and stillbirth. • Increase the risk that your baby is born prematurely and/or born with low birth weight. • Increase your baby's risk of developing respiratory (lung) problems.

11. The more cigarettes you smoke per day, the greater your baby's chances of developing these and other health problems. There is no "safe" level of smoking while pregnant. http://www.webmd.com/baby/smoking-during-pregnancy

12. Benefits of Quitting • While quitting smoking is not easy, there are many ways to quit. • Nicotine withdraw causes physical, emotional, psychological, and mental symptoms that need to be dealt with. • People who quit for good eventually find ways to deal with pressure, stress, and emotional pain without smoking. • However, the psychological and mental craving can cause relapse, even years later.

13. Ways to Quit • There are many ways to quit smoking. Some of these include: • “cold turkey” • Step-by-step-manuals • Self-help groups • Counseling • Online support • Nicotine replacement therapies Source: Cancer.org

14. Resources to Help Quitting • American Cancer SocietyToll-free number: 1-800-227-2345Web site: www.cancer.org • Centers for Disease Control and PreventionToll-free smoking cessation/tobacco line: 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669) • Quitting help Web site: www.cdc.gov/tobacco/quit_smoking/how_to_quit/index.htm • National Cancer Institute Toll-free smoking cessation/tobacco line: 1-877-448-7848 Smoking cessation: www.smokefree.gov • Nicotine AnonymousToll-free number: 1-877-879-6422Web site: www.nicotine-anonymous.org • QuitNetWeb site: www.quitnet.com

15. Quitting Timeline • Within minutes of smoking the last cigarette, the body begins to restore itself. • 20 minutes after quitting: heart rate and blood pressure drop • 12 hours after quitting: carbon monoxide level in the blood drops to normal

16. 2 weeks to 3 months after quitting: circulation improves and lung function increases • 1 to 9 months after quitting: coughing and shortness of breath decrease; cilia start to regain normal function in the lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce risk of infection • 1 year after quitting: excess risk of coronary is half that of a continuing smoker’s

17. 5 years after quitting: risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder are cut in half; cervical cancer risk falls to that of non-smoker’s; stroke risk falls • 10 years after quitting: risk of dying from lung cancer is cut in half of person still smoking; risk of cancer of the larynx and pancreas decreases • 15 years after quitting: risk of coronary disease is that of non-smokers Source: Cancer.org

19. Resources: • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErTyRkziXFg • http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerCauses/TobaccoCancer/QuestionsaboutSmokingTobaccoandHealth/questions-about-smoking-tobacco-and-health-toc • http://www.cdc.gov/

20. http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit4/3other_health.htmlhttp://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit4/3other_health.html • http://www.webmd.com/baby/smoking-during-pregnancy • http://www.smokefree.gov/