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UNIT 1: From Legend to History (AD 449 – 1485)

UNIT 1: From Legend to History (AD 449 – 1485). Background – Anglo Saxon Culture. E xpert seafarers (sailors) who sail the ocean to raid or settle other lands Many converted to Christianity after 500’s

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UNIT 1: From Legend to History (AD 449 – 1485)

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  1. UNIT 1: From Legend to History (AD 449 – 1485)

  2. Background – Anglo Saxon Culture • Expert seafarers (sailors) who sail the ocean to raid or settle other lands • Many converted to Christianity after 500’s • But, kept a pagan belief in the power of fate, and retold Germanic and Scandinavian tales of heroes and monsters • Men dominated society, and women had few rights

  3. Background – Anglo Saxon Culture (cont.) • Anglo-Saxon warrior • Definition of home • Follower of a lord or king NOT as a citizen of a nation • Loyalty  goods (bread, fruit, riches won in raids) and security

  4. Background – Anglo-Saxon Literature • Entertainment (5th – 11th Century) • Few were literate • No movies • Traveling storytellers (scops) *Memorized, adapted, and passed on an oral tradition of stories and songs

  5. Background – Anglo-Saxon Literature (cont.) • The Exeter Book • Collection of texts that include pieces from this oral tradition • Put together by monks (~A.D. 871 – 899)

  6. Anglo-Saxon Poetry - Themes • Exile (a prolonged stay away from home that is forced upon the exiled person) • “The Seafarer” tells the tale of a sailor whose passion for the sea causes him to undertake dangerous, lonely voyages. • The struggles of a warrior who must find a new place in the world after his lord dies is described in “The Wanderer.” • In “The Wife’s Lament,” a woman whose husband has sent her away describes her misfortune.

  7. Lyric Poem • Definition: A poem that expresses the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker

  8. Anglo-Saxon lyrics • Written for easy memorization and recitation

  9. Elements of Anglo-Saxon Lyrics • Lines with regular rhythms, usually with 4 strong beats • Caesuras • Kennings • Assonance • Alliteration

  10. Caesuras • Definition: Rhythmic breaks in the middle of lines, where the reciter can pause for breath • Examples: ↓ • Oft to the wanderer, weary of exile • Cometh God’s pity, compassionate love ↑

  11. Kennings • Definition: Two-word metaphorical phrase used in place of people, places, and things • Example: • Sea = “whales’ home” • Lord = “gold-lord” • Sword = “wound-hoe”

  12. Assonance • Definition: The repetition of vowel sounds in unrhymed, stressed syllables • Used to make the poem entertaining and memorable • Used to connect ideas • Example • “bAtter these rAmparts” • I, fInd • The silken sad uncERtain rustling of each pURplecURtain

  13. Alliteration • The repetition of initial consonant sounds in accented syllables • Used to make the poem entertaining and memorable • Used to connect ideas • Examples: • He, Who • Muse, Moldering • Sally sells sea shells down by the seashore.

  14. Elegy • A lyric poem mourning the loss of someone or something • The Seafarer • The Wanderer • The Wife’s Lament • What did the speakers in this grouping of poems lose?

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