Why Did the English Colonize America?

1. Why Did the English Colonize America? A Story of Male Babies, Divorce, Money, Religion, and Tobacco

2. Journal #1 Why do we speak English in America? Judging by what you learned last week, shouldn’t we be speaking Spanish? How do you think this happened?

3. Henry VIII Forced to Marry His Brother’s Wife

4. Catherine and Anne

5. The Church of England To divorce Catherine, Henry needed the approval of the Catholic Church, which refused. Henry outlawed the Catholic Church and created the Church of England, with himself as the leader. Divorce was legal in the new church. Although most of his kingdom were Catholic and supported Catherine, Henry divorced her and married Anne Boleyn.

6. Journal #2 Imagine that the government outlawed your religion or an activity that you enjoy participating in. If government agents tried to force you to participate in the new state religion or activity, would you go along with it or rebel? Explain why you would respond in the way you would. Now consider…. What if the punishment for rebelling was torture or death? What if the death was execution by means of drawing and quartering?

7. Spain If you’ve been wondering why I’m telling you all of this… Catherine was a Spanish princess. Her treatment by Henry made Spain furious. As a Catholic nation, they swore vengeance against England. More on that later…

8. Queen Anne

9. It’s a Girl! Anne gave birth to a baby girl, Princess Elizabeth. Her next two pregnancies ended in miscarriages. Henry had Anne executed and married again.

10. Queen Elizabeth The unwelcome daughter, Elizabeth, ultimately became Queen. Spain continued to plot to overthrow England and its new church. They despised Elizabeth because she was Anne’s daughter. In 1588, the English navy defeated an invasion by the Spanish Armada – the largest naval fleet ever assembled at the time. At the time, Spain had no competition in the Americas – New Spain was huge and growing every day.

11. Effect of the Armada’s Loss Without the Armada’s boats that were sunk off of the coast of England, Spain had to cut back on its colonization of the Americas. This gave England an opportunity to go to the New World and create colonies of its own. North America had not yet been colonized. This was where England decided to go.

12. The Point And that’s why we speak English!

13. Money and Religion Jamestown/Virginia Plymouth/Mass Bay

14. Taking Powerpoint Notes Take out a piece of paper and a pen or pencil. Make sure that you can see the words on the screen. Write down EVERY WORD that appears on the screen, including headings. Test questions will come from these notes, and you are responsible for all of it. Be quiet. If you finish writing before other students, stay silent and wait patiently. Rest your hand!

15. Roanoke Island The first English colony was established in 1587 on Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina. The people all disappeared. Known as “The Lost Colony.” Only clue: “CROATOAN” carved into a fence.

16. Jamestown In 1607, the colony of Jamestown was started by the English as a money-making venture. The colony was supported by a group of investors called The Virginia Company. Unlike Spanish colonies, Jamestown was not controlled by the King. The colony existed only to make a profit for the investors, known as a Joint-Stock Company.

17. Poor Planning The colonists were so focused on finding gold that they didn’t plant crops or prepare for winter. Surrounded by diseased water and hostile natives. Almost all of the colonists died. No gold. Colony was saved by the planting of tobacco.

18. Tobacco Tobacco was popular in Europe and grew well in the Jamestown soil. This made the colony profitable and attracted more colonists.

19. Indentured Servants There were not enough workers in Virginia to grow the tobacco demanded by Europeans. Some people agreed to come to Virginia to work for 4-7 years for free. They were given free transportation to Virginia, food and shelter. These people were called Indentured Servants.

20. Slavery In 1619, African slaves were brought to Virginia for the first time. At first, the slaves were treated like Indentured Servants. They were freed after a period of time and given land. Enslaved Africans would later replace indentured servants as the source of labor on colonial farms known as plantations.

21. Journal – In Pairs If you were starting a business that required employees to perform intense labor in poor conditions, which of the following type of worker should you use to make the highest profit? Salaried Workers (Workers who are paid) Indentured Servants Slaves You want to make the most money possible. Initial Cost vs. Long-Term Profit Which kind of worker would work hardest and produce the best goods?

22. New England Unlike Jamestown, the New England colonies were started for religious reasons. Plymouth Colony was started in 1620 by the Pilgrims. Massachusetts Bay Colony was started in 1630 by the Puritans.

23. The Pilgrims The Pilgrims were a group who wanted to separate from the Church of England. They were routinely punished in England and started a colony so that they could worship freely. The Pilgrims wrote The Mayflower Compact, which served as the first form of democratic government in the colonies.

24. The Puritans The Puritans were a group that wanted to “purify” the Church of England and get rid of all traces of Catholic ritual. They wanted to begin a new society that would be an example for how Christians should live together. “We shall be as a City upon a Hill; the eyes of all people are upon us.” - John Winthrop, Puritan Leader.

25. Power of the Church Massachusetts Bay Colony had harsh laws. The people had little individual freedom. Their colony was run by the Puritan church, and church attendance was required by law. People who missed church would be placed in “The Stocks”

26. Anne Hutchinson It was illegal to speak out against the church. Anne Hutchinson was a mother of 14 children and a nurse. She was banished from Massachusetts after she started to criticize the Puritan church and give her own interpretations of the Bible. Forced into the wilderness, Hutchinson and her family were murdered by Native Americans.

27. Changes in Thinking During the Renaissance in Europe, scientists began questioning the teachings of the church. Careful observation and reason, known as rational thought, led to the discovery of some of the natural laws and principles governing the world and human behavior. Discoveries such as the earth revolving around the sun challenged the teachings of the Bible.

28. The Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a scientific and social movement that was based on the idea that people could use science and logic to learn the truth. It was no longer assumed that the world was governed solely by the will of God. The Bible was no longer viewed as the only source of truth and knowledge. People were encouraged to use experimentation and reason to learn why things happen.

29. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was an American supporter of the Enlightenment. He flew a kite in a storm to test whether lightning was a source of electrical power. When the metal he had attached to the kite attracted an electrical charge, he had proved his theory.

30. The Political Enlightenment The Enlightenment had a great effect on political thought in the colonies. Colonists started to question the role of government, and why they had to follow the laws of a British monarch. Colonists such as Thomas Jefferson reasoned that people are born with natural rights that governments must respect. This desire to challenge authority led to the American Revolution.

31. The Great Awakening As colonists began to settle America and build successful lives, strict devotion to their religion became less important to them. Interest in the church was re-ignited thanks to a series of revivals known as the Great Awakening. While Puritan church services were strict and tedious, the Great Awakening attempted to make religion entertaining.

32. George Whitefield

33. Jonathan Edwards

34. The Great Awakening, continued The Great Awakening featured entertaining ministers who passionately preached to thousands of people about sin and salvation. The services were held outdoors in tents, which created a wild atmosphere. Going to these services made people question traditional religious teachings. Many left the Puritan church to become Baptists or Methodists.

35. Effects of the Great Awakening and Enlightenment The Enlightenment was about science and reason, and the Great Awakening was about religion, but both caused American colonists to change their way of thinking. People questioned traditional authority. The role of the individual was made more important in society. Britain’s authority over America began to be questioned by the colonists.

36. Journal In 1700, nearly all of the people living in the colonies said that they believed in God. In 2000, 73% of Americans said they believed in God. In 2012, 60% of Americans said they believed in God. Why is the number of religious Americans declining? Is there any change that could be made to religion, a new “Great Awakening,” that could make people religious again?

37. Test Prep Test is open-note, not open-book. You can use your hand-written notes. Notes belonging to others will be taken away, and you will lose 50 points. Test is worth 200 points. You will have the entire period to complete it. 20 Fill-In questions worth 7 points each. 3 Essay questions worth 20 points each. Essays will require responses of a paragraph containing complete sentences and examples.