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Lab 4. Cells

Lab 4. Cells. Cell Anatomy and Division. Organelles. Like mini organs within the cell, each with a particular function but that function together in systems

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Lab 4. Cells

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  1. Lab 4. Cells Cell Anatomy and Division

  2. Organelles • Like mini organs within the cell, each with a particular function but that function together in systems • Major ones are: Endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nucleus, golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, lysosomes, ribosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton

  3. Cell Division • From one parent cell, two identical “daughter” cells are produced • Mitosis: first copies, then divides all the DNA in a cell to place into the two daugther cells • Cytokinesis: divides the cytoplasm in half to create two complete cells.

  4. Stages of cell cycles • Interphase • Mitosis = PMAT: • Prophase: nuclear envelope disappears, spindle starts to from, chomosomes become visible • Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at middle (metaphase plate) • Anaphase: chromosomes separate • Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense

  5. Cytokinesis • Occurs at roughly the same time as telophase. • Cleavage furrow divides the cytoplasm making two complete daughter cells.

  6. Today • Lab Exercise #4 Activities: • Look over membrane structure and cell model • Observe 4 cell types and quickly sketch on page 45 (estimate length or diameter as indicated) • Simple squamous epithelium • Sperm cells • Red blood cells • Smooth muscle cells • Look at onion root tip slides (OR whitefish slides), locate and draw an example of each phase on piece of paper provided

  7. What to look for… • Interphase: most cells (like 95%) will be in interphase. Can’t distinguish the chromosomes • P: early spindle forming, start to see chromosomes • M: chromosomes all lined up at middle • A: chromos clustered around each pole • T: cleavage furrow (cytokinesis) • Daughter cells: Two small cells close to each other

  8. To Turn in: • Due next Thursday: • Review Sheet 4 (pp. 49 -52) • Page 45 drawings and measurements • Your 6 drawings of mitosis stages

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