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Lecture no 16: Sentralization and desentralization

Lecture no 16: Sentralization and desentralization. TDT4285 Planlegging og drift av IT-systemer Spring 2008 Anders Christensen. Server or peer-to-peer. Peer-to-peer: The machines are autonomous units, sharing eachothers resources. Examples: Win for workgroups, Mac

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Lecture no 16: Sentralization and desentralization

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  1. Lecture no 16: Sentralization and desentralization TDT4285 Planlegging og drift av IT-systemer Spring 2008 Anders Christensen TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  2. Server or peer-to-peer • Peer-to-peer: The machines are autonomous units, sharing eachothers resources. Examples: Win for workgroups, Mac • Server: Sentral parts of the system is located at special purpose machines. Examples: NT and Novell. TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  3. Advantages of peer-to-peer • Easy to get started • Scales well initially, with low overhead • Autonomous, does not need any formal organization • Based on natural power users • Focuses on local customs rather than formal, top-down organization. • Administrative overhead is hidden and incorporated in other costs TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  4. Advantages of sentral servers • Manageable – through strategies and policies • Well-defined responsibilities • Makes administrative overhead visible • Reuse and sharing of resources • Limits the number of variants • Allows division of work and expertise • Commercially exploitable TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  5. Trends IT becomes a critical activity for the organization Central scientific computers Central ~1985 PCs and Micro computers Lokal mini computers Cost efficiency Quality and control De-central Personal, pervasive computing ~1975 ~1995 TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  6. Candidates for centralization • The sysadmin of distributed systems that are sufficient similar to allow a central staff of specialized employees • Server consolidation to reduce the number of computers by running several services at the same server computer • Infrastructure – services that are used as standard services, and which are transparent to other services. • Know-how, centralization allows the employees to specialize TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  7. Candidates for de-centralization • Special systems, for which you need special know-how that is not reusable • Fault tolerance: de-centralization is duplication, which is reduncancy • Close support of and adaptation to the users • Strategically important systems over which control must be maintained TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  8. The ”IDI-model” ”New” tasks Strategically Important tasks Buying services Local and peculiar Support for R&D Standardized tasks Tasks being phased out TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  9. The ”IVT-model” for (de-)centralization Tasks common to Several suborgs are sentralized Group Printes Department Mail User support Backup Faculty Special software Tasks which are specific to one single department, are de-centralized NTNU TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  10. Traditional model Complete solution Sysadmin Internal services Local User support Tailored solutions Negotiated agreement Users Solutions for administration External provider TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  11. A challenge of communication Division of responsibility Local user support Central organization Close Communication Uses User Computer system TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

  12. Outsourcing You need to: • Know what you already have, and what you need • Be able to express what you want • Use sufficient time Remember: your out-sourcing partner often has more expertise on out-sourcing, and is at an advantage. TDT4285 Planl&drift IT-syst

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