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The Evolution of Abolitionism and Expansionism in 19th Century America

This overview explores the pivotal developments between the Second Great Awakening and the abolition movement in the 19th century United States. Key elements include the founding of the American Colonization Society, the rise of influential figures such as William Lloyd Garrison and Theodore Weld, and the transition from gradualism to immediate action within the anti-slavery movement. Significant legislative events like the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act, and the struggle for free soil in western territories illustrate the growing tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions leading to the Civil War.

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The Evolution of Abolitionism and Expansionism in 19th Century America

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  1. Expansion, Reform, and Abolition

  2. Second Great Awakening • ACS (1816) • Appeal, Freedom’s Journal • Anti-Slavery Society • Garrison, Weld • Gradualism to Immediacy • Moral suasion to militancy

  3. Actions • Turner, Jamaica • British Abolition • Petitions • Gag Rule Battle • World Anti-Slavery Convention

  4. Expansion Land and Property

  5. Missouri

  6. Indian Removal

  7. TexasCaliforniaOregon

  8. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men and Manifest Destiny (politics)

  9. California • Compromise of 1850 • * California—one giant free state • * Texas paid off for New Mexico Territory • * New Mexico and Utah’s status (the issue of western expansion of slavery) to be determined via popular sovereignty (a proposal of local choice by a popular vote over slave/non-slave status) when a sufficient population was attained. • * Fugitive Slave Act (This particularly raised the hackles of Northerners. In the north several states passed “personal liberty laws” that prohibited use of local sheriffs from aiding the slave catchers. There were riots in Boston as mobs tried to free captured fugitives, and though the law prevailed, the cases introduced many more people to abolition than the societies’ speaking tours had been able to do.) • * End Slave Trade in DC--itself a compromise between abolitionists and slave holders.

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