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Air Pollution

Air Pollution. Pollution. Factors that Affect the Quality of Air Inside. Pollutants entering the home What we do in our homes and the products we use How the home is built and maintained. Types of Inside Air Pollution. Biological pollutants Bacteria Mould Dust mites

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Air Pollution

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  1. Air Pollution Pollution

  2. Factors that Affect the Quality of Air Inside Pollutants entering the home What we do in our homes and the products we use How the home is built and maintained

  3. Types of Inside Air Pollution • Biological pollutants • Bacteria • Mould • Dust mites • Radiological pollutants • Radon

  4. Chemical pollutants • Gases and particles from appliances that burn oil, gas or wood • Tobacco smoke • Household cleaners • Personal care products • Building materials • From outside the home

  5. Sources of Inside Air Pollution

  6. Sources of Inside Air Pollution • Biological pollutants • Bacteria – grow from excessive humidity from showering • Mould – grow from excessive humidity from showering or cooking, found in damp basements • Dust mites – live in the dust found on furniture and floor coverings • Radiological pollutants • Radon – seeps through cracks in the foundation and drains into the home

  7. Chemical pollutants • Gases and particles from appliances that burn oil, gas or wood - particulate matter and carbon monoxide (e.g. from a fireplace if it is not properly venter or there are poor burning practices), particulates from cooking/frying, nitrogen dioxide from gas stoves, carbon monoxide leaking from furnaces • Tobacco smoke • Household cleaners • Personal care products • Building materials – formaldehyde and VOC’s released (e.g. painting, new furniture) • From outside the home – come through the air vents (e.g. ozone, particulate matter), or through the garage (e.g. carbon monoxide, particulates from vehicle exhaust)

  8. Effects of Inside Air Pollution • Effects experienced depend on the levels to which they are exposed and the length of the exposure, in general these effects include… • Asthma • Allergies • Respiratory ailments • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

  9. Effects of Inside Air Pollution • Specifically, these effects include… • Biological Pollutants • Mould – asthma trigger, allergen • Dust mites – asthma trigger, allergen, may cause asthma to develop in some people • Chemical Pollutants Released from Combustion • Carbon monoxide (CO) – flu-like symptoms, to loss of consciousness and death, cardiovascular effects in people with heart problems at lower levels • Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) – respiratory irritant • Particulate Matter (PM) – respiratory and cardiovascular effects

  10. Chemical Pollutants Released from Products • Formaldehyde – irritates eyes, note, throat and lungs, triggers asthma, increases risk of respiratory problems, carcinogen • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) – eyes, note and throat irritants, known and suspected carcinogens (e.g. benzene, trichloroethylene) • Radiological Pollutants • Radon – carcinogen, risk factor for lung cancer

  11. Factors that Affect the Quality of Air Outside • Industrial activities • Personal every day actions • Driving • Heating Our Homes

  12. Main Types of Outside Air Pollution Ozone Particulate matter (PM) These are the two main components of smog (describe the mix of gases and particles in the air that often causes reduced visibility) Smog

  13. Types of Outside Air Pollution • Ozone • Occurs naturally in Earth’s atmosphere • At high altitudes it forms a protective screen against UV rays • At low altitudes (aka ground-level), ozone is formed when pollutants are exposed to sunlight • Ozone is formed at ground-level by burning fossil fuels and industrial processes

  14. Particulate matter • Mix of microscope airborne liquid and solid particles • Origin is either natural (e.g. windblown soil, seal salt spray, volcanic dust) or caused by humans (e.g. burning fossil fuels, industrial processes) • Two forms • Primary PM • Directly emitted into the air • Secondary PM • Formed in the atmosphere from chemical reactions with nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

  15. Classification of Particulate Matter • Ultrafine particles (UFPs) <0.1 micron in diameter • Fine particles (PM2.5) <2.5 microns • Coarse particles (PM10-2.5) between 2.5 and 10 microns • Inhalable particles (PM10) <10 microns

  16. Other Forms of Outside Air Pollution • Carbon monoxide • Forms from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels (e.g. vehicle’s exhaust) • Nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide • By-product of burning fossil fuels

  17. Effects of Outside Air Pollution Effects experienced depend on the levels to which they are exposed and the length of the exposure, in general these effects include… Effects to the respiratory and cardiovascular system

  18. Effects of Outside Air Pollution • Specifically, these effects include… • Ozone • Emergency room visits for asthma • Hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases • Hospital admissions among the elderly for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia or asthma • Premature death because of lung and heart disease

  19. Particulate Matter • Problems for people with chronic breathing and heart conditions • Emergency room visits and hospital admissions for people with cardiovascular and respiratory conditions (including newborns) • Premature death because of lung and heart disease

  20. How Air Pollution Enters Our Bodies Skin - absorption Eyes - absorption Ears - absorption Nose - inhalation Mouth - inhalation

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