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1.4 The Colonies Come of Age

1.4 The Colonies Come of Age. How did the colonies of the North and South grow?. Plantation Economies Arise in the South. Colonists in the South created a society based on farming

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1.4 The Colonies Come of Age

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  1. 1.4 The Colonies Come of Age How did the colonies of the North and South grow?

  2. Plantation Economies Arise in the South • Colonists in the South created a society based on farming • Most Southerners worked small farms, but the wealthy plantation owners controlled the economy and social and political life in the South • Planters used enslaved Africans as workers, who were brought to the Americas by a route across the Atlantic called the Triangular Trade • The middle passage was one leg of the route, which had three main parts:

  3. Continued • (1) Merchants carried rum and other goods from New England to Africa; • (2) Slaves were brought from Africa to the West Indies, where they were sold for sugar and molasses • (3) The goods were finally sold in New England

  4. Northern Economies • The economy in the North was based on small farms, manufacturing, and trade • Northern colonies attracted many immigrants from Europe • Farms here did not depend on slaves, but slavery and racial prejudice did still exist

  5. The Enlightenment • The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that said you could use reason and science to find truth • It began in Europe and spread to the colonies; Benjamin Franklin was one of its leaders • It had two important effects: • (1) Its emphasis on science weakened the authority of the church • (2) The idea that people have natural rights that govt. must respect challenged British authority

  6. The Great Awakening • The Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals that spread through the colonies • Jonathan Edwards was one of its most powerful preachers • It challenged the authority of existing churches, and new denominations became popular

  7. The French and Indian War • France had begun to have colonies in North America at this time • The British and French fought over western lands, and in 1754 the French and Indian War began • The British won, and in 1763 France gave up Canada and all North American land east of the Mississippi

  8. Native American Opposition • Native Americans did not like the British moving onto their lands • Pontiac, the Ottowa chief, led his people to attack British forts • The British then purposefully gave the Natives smallpox when they came to discuss peace, which weakened them and eventually they surrendered • To prevent further fighting, the British passed the Proclamation of 1763 so people would not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains; people moved anyway

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