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Linguistics: Understanding Reality Through Language Analysis

Explore how linguistics, from Modernism to Postmodernism, aids in comprehending and representing reality through phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Learn from philosophers like Saussure and Derrida, delving into materialistic semiotics and the work of semioticians like Voloshinov and Lukács. Discover why linguistics developed during these eras, tackling crises of values with insights from Darwin, Einstein, Nietzsche, and Freud. Unravel the complexities of reality through different linguistic fields such as psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics.

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Linguistics: Understanding Reality Through Language Analysis

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  1. LINGUISTICS:A WAY TO UNDERSTAND AND REPRESENT REALITY FromModernismtoPostmodernism

  2. WHAT IS LINGUISTICS? Itis the scienceoflanguage The linguisticanalysis can bearrangedintofourparts: • phonology • morphology Researchtools Workingmethod Improvement • syntax • semantic

  3. SOME PHILOSOPHERS Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 – 1913) • Theoryofsynchroniclanguage • Meaningbuiltthroughdifference and binarypairs • Conceptsoflangue and parole • Michel Foucault (1926 – 1984) • Analysisof the discourse’s function • Discourseas a powertool

  4. SOME PHILOSOPHERS Jacques Derrida (1930 – 2004) “Deconstruction” • No definitive link betweensignifier and signifiedinstabilityofmeaning • Textsasproductsofintertextuality • Meaningbuiltthroughdifference and binarypairs

  5. MATERIALISTIC SEMIOTICS • Theoreticalapproachestosigns production and communication Studyingof the influencesbetweensignsystems and socioeconomicsystems • Inspiredby Karl Marx’s philosophy Tomakeexplicit the relationshipbetween text and context

  6. SEMIOTICIANS ValentinVoloshinov (1895 – 1936) • Signsas the siteswheresubjects (psyche) and object (social word) intersect • Signsusedtopromoteideologies • No connection betweenlanguagecommunities and classcategories • GyörgyLukács (1885 – 1971) • Languageasmeanofclassrule • Connection betweenlanguagecommunities and classcategories • Destructionof the subject – objecttotalityofanhumanized word becauseofCapitalism • Alienationof the low class

  7. WHY DID LINGUISTICS DEVELOP DURING MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM? Becauseof: • The crisisofvaluesduring the ModernAge Necessityofunderstanding and representing the world and reality in alltheiraspects

  8. THE CRISIS OF VALUES • Theoryofevolutionby Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) • Theoryofrelativityby Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)

  9. THE CRISIS OF VALUES • The deathofmetaphisysic: Godis deadby Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 – 1900) • The conceptofunconsciousby Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)

  10. TO UNDERSTAND AND REPRESENT REALITY Itisdifficulttounderstand and representallaspects’ reality Linguisticsisarrangedintodifferentfields: • synchroniclinguistics • diachroniclinguistics • theoreticallinguistics • appliedlinguistics • historicallinguistics Everyfieldexplains a specificaspectof reality • comparative linguistics • psycholinguistics • sociolinguistics • stylistics

  11. WORK BY: Iaccarino Luca Selvazzo Enrico Class V A SchoolYear 2012 - 2013

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