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Brno agglomeration and needs for directing its development

Brno agglomeration and needs for directing its development - agglomeration within the context of ongoing suburbanisation -. General framework of the development issues of urban agglomerations.

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Brno agglomeration and needs for directing its development

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  1. Brno agglomerationandneedsfordirectingitsdevelopment - agglomerationwithinthecontextofongoingsuburbanisation -

  2. Generalframeworkofthedevelopmentissuesof urban agglomerations • Urban agglomerations are spatialunitsworking as a wholeregardlessthetheadministrativeborders. In these areasthere are dominant intemsiverelationshipsbetweenthecorecitiesandthe settlement structureoftheirvicinity. These are relationshipsthat are based on mutualneeds in termsofdivisionoflabour, wherethe dominant role isplayed by centripetallinkages to thecoresovercentrifugalrelationships to othersettlements in thevicinity • Urban agglomerations are thedriversofeconomicdevelopment. • Urban agglomerationsaccumulate most oftheinhabitantsandeconomicactivities • Agglomerations as functionalunitsestablished on the basis ofmutualadvantagesandneeds are not currentlycontrolleddirectly • Agglomerations do not havetheirownpoliticalrepresentatives nor directtoolsforinfluencingtheirdevelopment • Still, theagglomerationsexistanddevelop • Thequestionishowtheirdevelopmentisdirectedandifitisrationalandefficient in termsof public fundsexpenditure

  3. Brno agglomeration

  4. Agglomeration control Political governance Brno agglomeration Regional territory Regional governance unions of municipalities purpose-oriented associations of municipalities Municipal territories Municipalgovernance Public administration Regionalterritory RegionalAuthority Districtterritories Districtauthorities – dissolved in 2003 Municipalitieswithextendedcompetence Municialauthoritieswithextendedcompetence Municipal territories Municipal authorities

  5. Definitionofthe Brno agglomeration • Criteriafordefiningtheagglomeration • theshareofdailycommuting to Brno to thetotalnumberofeconomicallyactive Brno inhabitantsisabove 25 % • theaccessibilityofthe Brno city centre fromthenearbymunicipalitiesusing public meansof transport andindividual transport iswithin a 40-minutetime • coherenceofthe area ofagglomeration The defined Brno agglomeration including Brno covers 96 municipalities forming a single functional unit with very tight every-day work related linkages and linkages to amenities

  6. Brno agglomerationandsuburbanisation • Suburbanisationiscloselyrelated to theagglomerationdevelopment • Suburbanisationis a processofexpandingtownsnecessitatingspatialchanges in the settlement • Suburbanisationiscaused by the resident movingfromthecentralpartsoftheagglomerations to theoutskirtsandbeyondtheadministrativeborderswhilekeepingclosefunctionalrelationshipswiththe settlement centres • Suburbanisationisaccompanied by concentratingnewproductionandservicespremisesestablished on theoutskirtsofthesettlements in localitieswithconvenient transport connections • Thepresentsuburbanisationserves as anexampleof a lackofcontroloverthe urban developmentdynamics in theagglomeration, whichbringsabout a numberofproblems, thesolution to whichcallsforfurther public investments

  7. Causesof residence suburbanisation • changedbehaviourofthe society after 1989 (replacementofthecontrolledprocessesofurbanisation by processesofuncontrolledsuburbanisation) • desire to own a place to live in a goodquality environment (meeting therequirementsforhealthyandtranquil environment set in naturalvegetation, effort to detachoneselffromtheoverpopulated stress-prone city) • rising standard oflivingofsomegroupsofresidentsandtheirability to resolvetheirhousingissuesindependently(1st suburbanisationwave - prominent peoplefromthe past, beneficiariesofrestitutions, newentrepreneurs, specificprofessions – lawyers, physicians, senior officials, 2nd suburbanisationwave – middle-incomegroupusingmortgages) • increase in individual mobility (rapid rise in car transport available to a broadspectrumoftheresidents) • inabilityoftowns to offerenoughadequateandavailabledevelopmentlotssatisfyingthehousingdemand in variousforms (problemswithensuringnecessaryconditioninginvestments, unclearownershipp) • increase in land lotsprices in cities(land speculation by thelandowners, pricesoflots do not reflectthenecessaryinvestments) • low land lot pricesaroundcities(originallowvalueagricultural land are increased in value by thelandownerschangingthelotsintobuildinglots via the urban master planwith a lowerpricethantheprice in thecitiess) • land speculation - restitutionclaims(thisisanarisingphenomenonofspeculatingwith land thatissubject to restitutionclaimsthat are boughtup on massivescaleandtheclaims are lodgedwiththe Land Registry forunitedareas in attractivelocalitiesthat are considered as buildinglots in the urban master plans ) • complicated, lengthyandmore expensivehousingdevelopment in cities • much simpler, shorterandcheaperhousingdevelopment in smallmunicipalities(thisisveryoftenrelated to unresolvedinfrastructureandnecessarycivicamenities, whichisrevealedaftersometime) • lowercostsofliving in thesurroundingmunicipalitiescompared to the city itself

  8. Consequencesof residence suburbanisation • excessiveincreased mobility in theagglomerationrequiressolutions to the transport infrastructure, both transport by carsand public meansof transport (requirementsfor public budgets) • increase in car trafficdeterioratesthequalityofthe environment in areasadjacent to roads(areasalong trunk roads are affected, butthe settlement structuresofthemunicipalities in thevicinityisaffected, too) • expansionintoundevelopedareasissubject to extensiveoccupationofagricultural land, whichchangesthelandscape in thesuburbanareas • low intensity ofusingthesuburbanareas- hardlyserviced by thenecessarycivicamenities • a newstandard oflivingoftheresidentsofthesuburbanareasisbeingcreated, differingfromtheoriginalexpectations • excessivedevelopment in thesurroundingsofthe city indirectlyresults in thedeclineoftheinnerdistrictsofcities(resulting in „brownfields“) • Theestablished residence ring aroundthe centre oftheagglomerationcausesresistance to anynewintervention

  9. Trends in theagglomeration Trends in thenumberofinhabitants 1980, 1991, 2001 and 2009 Evolutionofthenumberofinhabitants in theagglomeration Evolutionofthenumberofinhabitants in theagglomerationwithout Brno Evolutionofthenumberofinhabitants in Brno

  10. Urban developmenttrendsbefore 1989 Trends in theagglomeration Trends in thenumberofinhabitants 1980, 1991, 2001 and 2009 Increase in thecentrifugalhousingtendency Evolution of number of inhabitants in 1980 - 1991 Residence suburbanisationtrendsafter 1989 Evolution of the number of inhabitants in 1991 -2001 Evolution of the number of inhabitants in 2001 -2009 Evolution of number of inhabitants in 1991 - 2009

  11. Rise in averagepricesofdetachedhouses in the SMR districtsbetween 2004 - 2006 (CZK/m3) Trends in theagglomeration Pricesofbuildinglotsandflats in thedistrictsofthe SMR in 2004 - 2006 Averagepurchasepriceofbuildinglots in thedistrictsofthe SMR in 2004 - 2006 (CZK/m2)

  12. Trends in theagglomeration Residence suburbanisation Housingdevelopmentbetween 1997 - 2009

  13. Trends in theagglomeration Trendsoftheconcentrationofcivicamenitiesandworkopportunities in the centre ofagglomeration School system Health care, social care Housing Cultural activities Sports activities Retails Job opportunities

  14. Issuesrelated to vehicletraffic in theagglomeration Car trafficcongestion in Brno Rising number of cars (number of people/car)

  15. Issuesrelated to public transport in theagglomeration Thewhole area ofthe SR isserviced by anintegrated public transport system (IDS) train+ bus connectionsofthe IDS lineswiththe public transport hubs in Brno

  16. National environment andrecreationalpotentialoftheagglomeration Qualityofthenatural environment Recreationalpotential

  17. Urban potentialofthe settlement structureaccording to the urban plansofthemunicipalities Developmentpotential set out in the urban master plans isseveraltimeshigherthantheexpecteddemographicpotential Demographicforecasts ofthenumberofinhabitants in theagglomerationbetween 2006 - 2036

  18. Developmentrestrictionsofthe Brno agglomeration

  19. Developmentprinciplesofthe Brno agglomeration Theprinciplesofthe Brno agglomerationdevelopment are based on theprinciplesof a goal-directeddevelopmentofthe settlement structurecorresponding to thepotentialoftheproposed transport andtechnicalinfrastructurewhilerespectingthequalityofthenatural environment andtherecreationalpotential. Thedefinedprinciples are set out in thePrinciplesof Urban Developmentofthe South Moravian Region (2011). • Recommendationsaimedatpartnershipsbetweenthemunicipalitieswithinthe Brno agglomerations are formulated

  20. Thankyouforyourattention Ing. arch. Jiří Fixel Atelier ERA

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