Session 1 An Introduction to British & American Newspapers & Magazines (1)

1. Session 1 An Introduction to British & American Newspapers & Magazines (1) • I. The history of newspapers and magazines in Britain and America • newspapers: • in Britain: • 1476 After 50 years British newspapers appeared. • 1620, the first periodical newspaper

2. the 18th century, the golden age, • Defoe, Swift, Fielding & Samuel Johnson • Addison, Steel • Journalism in the 19th was affected by the industrial revolution & spread of public education.

3. In America: • the 17th century • 1690, “Publick Occurrences”, • From the Civil War to the year of 1914, newspapers developed.

4. magazines (periodicals): • in Britain: • the 18th century, the first magazines • 1731, “Gentleman’s Magazine”, lasted to 1907, influenced the 18th and 19th centuries’ magazines

5. the 18th century, “Household Words”, “All the Year Around” • In America: • 1740, “General Magazine” by Benjamin Franklin, “The American Magazine” by his former co-fellow

6. from 1825 to 1850, the golden age • Significant developments in the United States, dating from the 1920s & 1930s, weekly & biweekly magazines, such as Time, Newsweek & Life.

7. In both Britain and America, from the 19th century, newspapers and magazines began to campaign for social & political reforms. Nowadays, newspapers & magazines have become an industry in both countries.

8. II. a brief introduction to some major British & American newspapers, magazines & news organizations • in Britain: • newspapers: • The Times • the most authoritative newspaper, enjoys high reputation • takes a middle-of-the road view

9. a daily circulation of 310000 • 20 – 30 pages • The Daily Telegraph • takes a right-of-center view • a daily circulation of 1320000

10. The Guardian • takes a left-of-centre view • read by government officials and intellectuals • a daily circulation of 390000

11. The observer • A serious national Sunday newspaper • read mainly by professional middle classes • Financial Times • covers industry, commerce & so on • read mainly by professional and business people

12. Magazines: • The Economist • regarded as the voice of the financial circles and enjoys high reputation • a circulation of 250000 • read by government officials, enterprises & intellectuals

13. Punch • a weekly satirical magazine • cartoons • News organization: • Reuters • an independent international news agency founded in 1851

14. gathers, edits and distributes news in 159 countries • in America: • newspapers: • The New York Times • a serious daily newspaper on national and international news, also on arts, food, etc. • a circulation of 870000

15. The Washington Post • a serious newspaper, full of Congress • a circulation of 580000 • Los Angeles Times • a morning daily newspaper • southern California • in 1881 • The Wall Street Journal • a business investment daily newspaper

16. The Christian Science Monitor • news stories, short comments and convincing editorials • literature, arts, science and education • magazines: • Time • articles on national and international news, also on culture, religion, literature and so on.

17. Newsweek • a weekly news magazine • a wide range of topics • an international edition provided • Reader’s Digest • a popular magazine read by the world

18. published in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Danish, French, German, Dutch, Italian ,Chinese, etc. • News Organization • Associated Press (AP)

19. a cooperative owned by member newspapers with staff reporters , editors and photographers in 60 foreign countries and 107 U.S. cities • United Press International (UPI) • a privately owned news service and the combination of United Press and International News Service

20. III.The quality of newspapers and magazines in Britain and America • privately owned or operated • a remarkable quality----- seeking high profit • supported or helped by parties or governments

21. controlled by newspaper and magazine corporations • in Britain, eight corporations • Rupert Murdock corporation • in America, Knight Ridder corporation, Gannett corporation and Hearst corporation

22. controlled by families • in Britain, Thomson family • in America, Graham family • The newspapers and magazines usually hold views which are favorable to their own interest and speak for parties or governments which support them.