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Surveys of Palestinian IDPs. Workshop on Profiling of Internally Displaced Persons Brussels, March 23 – 23, 2007 Jon Pedersen. Profiling IDPs: some difficulties. Defining them In a way that they identify with In a way acceptable to the country In a way that secures their protection
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Surveys of Palestinian IDPs Workshop on Profiling of Internally Displaced Persons Brussels, March 23 – 23, 2007 Jon Pedersen 1
Profiling IDPs: some difficulties • Defining them • In a way that they identify with • In a way acceptable to the country • In a way that secures their protection • In a way that can actually be employed in a survey or census • Finding them • Often relatively small part of the population in an area • Often clustered • Often very similar to rest of the population • Sometimes elusive • Palestinian IDPs in Jordan are more difficult to define than find 2
Palestinian IDPs in Jordan • Must be seen in the context of Palestinian refugees in Jordan • Categories • 1948 Refugees • 1967 Refugees • 1967 Displaced • Three main groups • Directly displaced by 1967 war • Lived in East Bank prior to 1967, but origin in West Bank • 1948 refugees in the West Bank displaced by 1967 war • In principle not protected or helped by UNRWA, but in practice often • “Late comers” • Arrived in Jordan after 1967, may be refugees or displaced • Gaza refugees • Patrilineal succession of refugee/IDP status 3
Legal status somewhat special • Jordan annexed West Bank, but later relinquished it • In Declaration of Principles from 1993 Israel implicitly agrees on return (Article XII) as agreement refers to “modalities on return” rather than the question of return. • Negotiations in Quadripartite committee soon foundered, mainly on the question of definition 4
Design of Jordan surveys • IDPs and refugees make up large percentage of total population (IDPs 13.6% of population) • National surveys in 1996 and 2003 (in camps in 2001) • Strategy for definition: • Accept the population’s own definition of status • Ask for each person • Ask for other criteria relevant for other actors: • Age (i.e. born before or after 1967) • Place of origin (East/west bank) • Migration history • Not specific IDP/Refugee surveys, but aimed to see these groups in the context of other groups 5
Choice of indicators • Two sets of indicators • Status indicators • Living conditions indicators • Two main ideas behind the living conditions indicators • Commonly used indicators (e.g. Infant mortality, MDG-type) • Arenas, resources, values, outcomes 6
Political challenges larger than methodological • Political • Actually managing to get permission to include question in survey • Publishing results • Refugee category and “Palestinian” perhaps more difficult than IDPs • But specific definitions not as difficult as opening up the debate • Everyone afraid of comparison to rest of the population 7
But methodological not irrelevant • Clustering • Clustering common for IDPs, because of chain migration • Palestinians often extremely clustered, because of strong tendency to reproduce locality based spatial organization • Leads to relatively large standard errors on many variables 8
Use • Giving substance to issue of numbers • Stimulating social dialogue • Input to the Quadripartite process • Definition of support more in relation to refugees than to IDPs (because refugee issues focus a lot on camps) 9
Political/Methodological • Comparing non-IDP with IDP • Who are disadvantaged? • Are disadvantages due to IDP-status or other characteristics (i.e. do IDPs in Amman differ from other immigrants to Amman?) 10
