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Lecture 4c 28 January 2013 Nutraceuticals and functional foods

Lecture 4c 28 January 2013 Nutraceuticals and functional foods. Group activity Nutraceuticals Type 1 -manage -lipids-triglycerides -diabetic neuropathy/nerve conduction velocity- evening primrose oil -fasting glucose down with fish oil.

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Lecture 4c 28 January 2013 Nutraceuticals and functional foods

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  1. Lecture 4c 28 January 2013 Nutraceuticals and functional foods

  2. Group activity Nutraceuticals Type 1 -manage -lipids-triglycerides -diabetic neuropathy/nerve conduction velocity- evening primrose oil -fasting glucose down with fish oil

  3. Type 2- manage metabolic syndrome -obesity -lipids- elevated free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and small dense LDL, decreased HDLc, oxidation issues -blood pressure-elevated -platelet aggregation-elevated -insulin sensitivity-down

  4. OVERALL HYPOTHESIS GLA (DIETARY OIL) DGLA PLATELET INCREASED DGLA – PL - INCREASED PGE1 PGE1 IS (ANTI-AGGREGATORY, VASODILATORY) DECREASED AA-PL - TxA2 AND PGE2 (DECREASED) TxA2 IS (PRO-AGGREGATORY, VASOCONSTRICTORY) -PGE2 IS (PRO-AGGREGATORY, VASOCONSTRICTORY)

  5. Fish oil-triglycerides, fasting glucose, and glycosylated haemoglobin down, insulin receptor fluidity increases, platelets activity decreases Canola oil-improves insulin sensitivity Flax oil-lower dose (30 mg ALA/kg bw/d) -higher doses (178 mg ALA/kg bw/d) -no success

  6. Evening Primrose oil-no reports in diabetics found Borage oil-no reports in diabetics found Blackcurrant oil-no reports in diabetics found

  7. Prebiotics-inulin • –a complex carbohydrate may lower triglycerides and does lower LDL and total cholesterol • -proposed to increase insulin sensitivity • -both the lipid and the insulin sensitivity issues still need to be rigorously tested in human type 2 diabetics

  8. vitamin supplements- appears to be no need for these but this is being studied • chromium supplement increase insulin sensitivity but people are not normally chromium deficient • magnesium- deficiency associated with type 2 diabetes- • -supplement improves insulin sensitivity

  9. Central issues of functional foods versus nutraceuticals Concentration Purity-what is doing what Conflicting agents ?

  10. Type I diabetes-Functional foods Fish protein- lowers albuminuria Cows milk-concept of reverse functional foods nitrosamines-concept of reverse functional foods Soy proteins-potential attack on beta cells- concept of reverse functional foods

  11. Type 2 diabetes- functional foods Fish-lowers lipid oxidation-potential yet to be tested Tomatoes-lycopene- antioxidant-potential yet to be tested Green tea-flavonoids (eg catechins)-antioxidant potential- potential yet to be tested

  12. Soy-flavonoids- anti-oxidant- potential yet to be tested -hulls-improved glucose tolerance Garlic-allicin- lowers cholesterol and LDL cholesterol-potential yet to be tested

  13. Probiotics-chicory seed contains inulin and oligofructose-proposed to increase insulin sensitivity and improve lipid profiles (decreased triglycerides and LDL and cholesterol)

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