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Dei Verbum

Dei Verbum. Divine Revelation. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation. Recap on Vatican II Council: Vatican II did not define any new dogmas but had authority and ability to define doctrine Bishops are authentic teachers of the faith; under light & guidance of the Holy Spirit

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Dei Verbum

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  1. Dei Verbum Divine Revelation

  2. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Recap on Vatican II Council: • Vatican II did not define any new dogmas but had authority and ability to define doctrine • Bishops are authentic teachers of the faith; under light & guidance of the Holy Spirit • When something is divine revealed assent of faith is required • 4 constitutions of Councils; others given name of decrees • Important to approach Vatican II documents with principle of looking at whole context (content and unity) of texts as teaching of the Council; and in light of tradition of the Church • Don’t take texts in isolation but in context of unity

  3. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation What is Source of Church’s Authority? • Pope? • Bishops? • Scripture? • Council? • Magisterium? • Tradition? Answer Divine Revelation!

  4. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Dei Verbum • The Word of God is NOT just Sacred Scripture; but also Sacred Tradition • Revelation is a free gift of God out of his love, in order to invite and receive us into His company • God reveals Himself by both by word & deeds; word of God proclaimed the works & the deeds show forth the reality of the words • Climax of this, though revelation begins by creation and prophets, is reached in Jesus Christ • No new revelation is expected & all other understandings is a developing & deeper understanding of revelation Sacred Scripture (Word) + Sacred Tradition (Works) Dei Verbum

  5. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Dei Verbum – The Word of God Divine Revelation

  6. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation How does Revelation Occur? Place of natural revelation through reason (nature) God in world occurs through witness to “deeds” (signs) • Some revelation is divine revelation such as the Trinity – not possible to discover through reason • Response of revelation is faith as man commits himself to God; • Obedience of faith (submission of will) to revelation DV5 • Recognize revelation through the power of Holy Spirit implies so revelation is more profoundly understood • Divine revelation does not exclude natural revelation (reason) The response to revelation is faith

  7. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation What is the Source of Divine Revelation? • Vatican II Dei Verbum takes different approach to Scripture than Trent or Vatican I • Vatican II gives deeper insight and fuller revelation to what is taught in Trent and Vatican I • Trent holds two sources of Revelation for Catholics Scripture and Tradition, in response to Protestant Scripture only • Dei Verbum speaks not of two sources but One source, God • God communicates in Scripture and Tradition Word of God is not just Sacred Scripture but Sacred Tradition as well

  8. Dei Verbum – The Word of God Role of Church in Divine Revelation • The teaching office of Church is tasked to give authentic teaching which is exercised in name of Jesus Christ, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit • The Church teaches what has been entrusted to it; not superior & does not make proposals for belief, rather draws on Deposit of Faith • The teaching authority of the Church is not burden but gift give to Church by Christ • God’s Truth is presented in fullness only when three are present – Sacred Scripture; Sacred Tradition & Magisterium

  9. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Sacred Tradition as a Source of Divine Revelation

  10. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation What is Sacred Tradition? • Sacred Scripture is part of Sacred Tradition as it is revealed word of God & as Catholics we base our belief on Divine Revelation which Sacred Scripture is part of • Catholics value Scripture and understand that Sacred Tradition protects the authentic understanding of Scripture • Sacred Tradition is also the Church’s lived tradition; morals, liturgy & how Scripture is interpreted down of the ages • Dogma & doctrine are part of Sacred Tradition

  11. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Role of Sacred Tradition in Divine Revelation • Tradition is something that is handed on includes what is written and whole way of life of Church that serves to make people of God live in holiness; • Tradition is all that Church is and believes – God’s revelation is not just God’s Word, but God’s deeds as well • Our growth in Tradition occurs through developing understanding of Divine Revelation under guidance of Holy Spirit; known as development of doctrine as the Light of faith allows growth and insight into faith • As time goes by the Church develops & moves closer to the Truth • There is ongoing work of deepening knowledge of the Deposit of Faith Deposit of Faith is what God revealed to us

  12. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Distinguish between Sacred Tradition and tradition • Gift of Sacred Tradition is part of Divine Revelation and cannot change, as it is unchangeable truth • traditions (note small t) of Church that can be changed, such as regulations and ways of liturgy as they have changed throughout time • Role of Magisterium as the living teaching office of Church able to distinguish between Sacred Tradition and traditions; guide by the Holy Spirit • Vatican II implemented & made changes but not to Sacred Tradition – does not have authority • Magisterium cannot teach against Sacred Scripture or Sacred Tradition; in other words, cannot teach against Divine Revelation! • As Council is faith event guided by the Holy Spirit; role of Bishops is to discern, govern and teach & response of laity is assent of faith

  13. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Sacred Scripture as a Source of Divine Revelation

  14. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Sacred Scripture as a Source of Divine Revelation • Sacred Scripture all texts are written under guidance of Holy Spirit therefore given sure word of Truth • Who is author? Answer is God and man - God is true author but God acted through talents of human author; it is Word of God in human words; reflects nature of Incarnation • Vatican Council does not use word “dictation” as it can give misleading emphasis that God is whispering into author’s ear and not use of human faculties and powers – would imply no human freedom; reject “Theory of Dictation”! • Dei Verbum speaks of authors write in context of their enviornment to express God’s Word reaffirming that human authors remain true authors • God’s word in human form reflects the Mystery of the Incarnation – Jesus is both fully human & fully divine Scripture is both human & divine

  15. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Sacred Scripture Sacred Scripture as a Source of Divine Revelation • What God saying through authors is affirmed in Dei Verbum 11 to be without error to extent it involved salvation • Holy Spirit communicates Truth of God for sake of our salvation • Scripture is Book of Faith, so not necessarily is historically, scientifically or factually accurate • Council dropped term “saving truths” as could mislead as some parts of Scripture not saving but reality is that ALL Scripture is about the saving truth • Council fathers did not want to restrict Scripture to dogma & morals which allows greater use of Scripture e.g. personal prayer • Shift of focus with Vatican II & Dei Verbum with recognition of modern approaches & Scripture cannot be restrict to faith and morals • Necessary to use various approaches for clearer interpretation of Scripture Clearer Understanding of Scripture = Clearer understand & awareness of what God is revealing & communicating to us

  16. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Some Theories Regarding Authorship • Theory of Divine Assistance – human authors write with divine assistance; rejected as creates dual authority – what parts of Scripture are divine & what parts human! • Theory is Partial Inspiration - based on literature aspect of scripture with evidence of person subjective contribution & other part is called “science” dealing with eternal realities • Theory of Negative Assistance – humans sole authors & God does not intervene unless about to make a mistake All Rejected as reject Principle of Incarnation • Theory of Instrumental - Holy Spirit employs instruments and so moves them to assist authors and inspires them t0 write; theory recognizes Nature & Grace DV11

  17. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Dei Verbum 14 regarding the Old Testament (OT) • Jesus is the fullness & complete revelation of God (Deposit of Faith) – no further revelation expected; Church now develops more understanding & knowledge of Revelation • OT written before Jesus though imperfect (not fullness of revelation) show matters of divine teaching & gives expression to presence of God with treasure of prayer • Old Testament matters are imperfect as not God’s final word (Jesus is) but preparing people of God to receive the Messiah • Main approach to the Old Testament is to approach it in light of the New Testament - the NT is hidden in the OT & the OT is revealed in the NT • Old Testament retains its literally independence; not either/or – the OT is not only understood in light of NT; but also can be approached in its own context – particular author writing at a particular time, place, topic, event

  18. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Dei Verbum 17 regarding New Testament • Three Stages • Jesus • The Apostles • 4 Gospels • There is a historical character to New Testament & Gospels faithful to historical facts – Church hold events in Gospels did occur • Authors did have freedom in writing what elements contained in written world • NT presents us with the Truth about Christ

  19. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Sacred Scripture as a source of Divine Revelation • Biblical exegesis is the study the study of Sacred Scripture seeking to understand more the Word of God/Divine Revelation • Church making it clear that modern elements of biblical criticism are important to understand text and author, there is a valid and important place for biblical exegesis, as it helps us gain insight into intention of author and what God is saying • Biblical exegesis is not a carte blanche – methods used in study of Scripture are a tool to be used for a good purpose & using valid methods can come to invalid criticism & undermined faith such as Jesus resurrection and the miracles • Interpretation needs to be in context and unity of Scripture within living Tradition of the Church and analogy of faith; as Church guided by the Holy Spirit Principle of Totality DV12

  20. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Guidelines in understanding Sacred Scripture • Principle of Unity/Totality DV 2 – meaning one piece of Scripture must be view within whole context of Scripture • Dogma of Inerrancy – Scripture is without error or deceit in regards to faith; this does not include historical or scientific facts • Revelation is Christo-centric – Divine Revelation reaches its summit/climax in Christ who reveals fully & completely who God is • Senses of Scripture or methods of how to understand Scripture divided into Literal & Spiritual; • Literal refers to factual texts, words, events, history – danger of Fundamentalism in extreme approaches • Spiritual refers to understanding Scripture in such ways as allegory • Divine revelation calls for “obedience of faith” – to encounter God evokes a response of faith Scripture contains and communicates what it signifies, we do not encounter facts or historical events but we encounter the God who communicates

  21. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation “The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church” presented by the Pontifical Biblical Commission to Pope John Paul II in 1993 • Document covers Catholic approach & understanding regarding Sacred Scripture • Deals with various approaches, many of which can cause misunderstand & misrepresentation of Catholic understand of Scripture • Document available on-line & topics accessible with opening page of contents • Different approach to Scripture(literal & spiritual) have positive possibilities & hidden dangers • Document gives bearings to Catholic exegesis on methods of Scripture study such as “Historical-Critical Method” “Fundamentalist Approach” “Patristic Reading” & “Philosophical Hermeneutics” “The Study of the Bible is the soul of theology” Theology – the study of Word of God

  22. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Dei Verbum Today • Sacred Scripture is heart of life of Church • Church has always honor Scripture though many Catholics did not have knowledge of Scripture viewing it as something Protestant • Catholics are called to immerse themselves into scripture especially those involved in pastoral ministry • Prayer should accompany Scripture – invoking the Holy Sprit • Profound understanding that we are listening to God when we read – not just learning information or reading about God, but we are actually encountering God in the Living Word/Scripture • Dei Verbum compares Word to Eucharist & faithful are feed from the one table of both Word and Eucharist & recognizes Christ is present in the Word as he is in the Eucharist DV 21 Word = Eucharist

  23. Dei Verbum – Divine Revelation Recap: • Dei Verbum concerned with Divine Revelation • Divine Revelation is God’s self communication to us for our salvation • Divine Revelation is composed of Sacred Tradition & Sacred Scripture • The Incarnation is the full & complete Divine Revelation • Church entrusted to communicate Divine Revelation (Deposit of Faith) throughout history; does not have authority to change or alert Faith, only how it communicates it • Sacred Scripture brings human/divine together & equal to Eucharist

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