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Rhetoric & Figurative Language

Rhetoric & Figurative Language. Rhetoric. The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or feelings of the readers and listeners. Allegory.

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Rhetoric & Figurative Language

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  1. Rhetoric & Figurative Language

  2. Rhetoric • The art of speaking, writing and communicating effectively. • Rhetoric is a tool writers and speakers use in order to influence the judgment or feelings of the readers and listeners.

  3. Allegory Def: Extending a metaphor through an entire narrative so that objects, persons, and actions in the text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text.  Ex: Avatar, Pilgrim’s Progress, Lord of the Flies

  4. Alliteration Def: REPETITION of similar sounds at the beginning of a phrase (usually CONSONANTS) Ex: She sells sea shells by the sea shore.

  5. Allusion Def: literary, historical, religious, or mythological REFERENCE Ex:Now, if you don’t win, I don’t want to hear any sour grape remarks. (This refers to one of Aesop’s fables.)

  6. Anaphora Ex: For everything there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven: a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck upwhat is planted Def: REPITION of the same WORDS/PHRASES at the beginning of clauses

  7. Antithesis Def:CONTRASTING ideas presented in balanced grammatical structure Ex: one SMALL STEP for man, one GIANT LEAP for mankind.

  8. Aphorism Def: short, witty life lesson OR statement designed to make a point of a commonly held belief Ex: “Children should be seen, not heard.”

  9. Apostrophe Def: Speaking to someone NOT present, or to an OBJECT Ex: Mirror, Mirror, on the wall – Who is the fairest of them all?

  10. Assonance Def: REPETITION of similar VOWEL sounds in the middle of words Ex: Tilting at the windmills.

  11. Asyndeton NOT with conjunctions Def: CONJUNCTIONS are OMITTED Ex. I came, I saw, I conquered

  12. Chiasmus Def: figure of speech where first half of terms are REVERSED in the second half. Ex: “He thinks I am but a fool. A fool, perhapsI am.”

  13. Colloquial Def: SLANG in a certain region, or informal/ unprofessional diction. Ex: YA’LL Things Stuff

  14. Connotation Def: IMPLIED, underlying meaning of a word Def: DICTIONARY DEFINITION of a word Denotation

  15. Consonance Def: REPETITION ofCONSONANT SOUNDS at the end of words Ex: pitter-pattersplish-splash

  16. Diction Def: WORD CHOICE High level, low level, emotional, vehement, etc.

  17. Euphemism Def: KINDER way of expressing something UNPLEASANT OR I need to poop! I need to use the bathroom!

  18. Hyperbole Def: EXTREME EXAGGERATION Look, there’s an allusion too!

  19. Imagery Def: SENSORY DETAIL to evoke feeling or emotion or to describe; the 5 senses Ex: “Her cheeks were rosy and so was my love – bursting with fragrance and softness.”

  20. Irony AN IMPLIED DIFFERENCE. VERBAL:Difference between what is said and what is meant SITUATIONAL:Difference between what you are led to expect and what actually happens DRAMATIC:Difference between what one character knows and what the audience knows (We know something the character does not know.) Clarification: If I say, “Gee, I really wish it would snow,” and it starts snowing immediately, that is apropos (too perfect). It is NOT ironic. (There is no DIFFERENCE between what I wanted and what happened.)

  21. Litotes Def: UNDERSTATEMENT by negating the opposite. I am not a tiny man. Your temperature is not quite normal.

  22. Logos, Pathos, Ethos LOGOS: logic PATHOS: emotion ETHOS: authority/ shared values

  23. Metaphor Def: comparison WITHOUT USING LIKE OR AS Direct: A sea of troubles. OR Indirect: His depression was vast, swelled by troubles that perpetually crested and fell.

  24. Metonymy Def: A CLOSELY ASSOCIATED object represents something Instead of “king of fast food,” CROWN of fast food.

  25. Mode of Discourse Way info. is presented: Narration Description Exposition (cause/effect) (comparison/contrast) Argumentation

  26. Onomatopoeia Def: sounds!

  27. Oxymoron Def: CONTRADICTING description Pitiful privilege Jumbo shrimp Mighty weakness Cold heat

  28. Paradox Def: statement that SEEMS completely contradictory but really is TRUE Ex: Standing is more tiring than walking Differs from oxymoron: Oxymoron is descriptive phrase peaceful war Paradox is whole idea War is peace.

  29. Personification Def: giving object/animal some HUMAN features Ex: As the turtle retreated into her shell, she cried. (She still acts like a turtle, but she has human features too.) Def: Making object/ animal act like a HUMAN Anthropomorphism Ex: Pillsbury Dough Boy—He laughs, he cooks, he shops, he talks, he acts entirely human.

  30. Rhetorical Question Def: question asked merely for effect, NOT expected to be answered "Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution?"(H. L. Mencken)

  31. Sarcasm Def: Usually hurtful or personally attacking. Such as CRITICAL PRAISE. Def: human failings/ negative societal attitudes are RIDICULED, sometimes by false agreement or praise. Satire

  32. Simile Def: comparison using LIKE OR AS He is as pretty as your mom.

  33. Symbolism Ex: Golden Arches represent McDonald’s Def: person, place, or thing that REPRESENTSsomething

  34. Synecdoche Def: PART of an object represents the WHOLE I GOT NEW WHEELS  I GOT A NEW CAR

  35. Syntax The way words and sentences are arranged. Sentences can be short and choppy or long and flowing. Pay close attention to the punctuation.

  36. Tone Def: author’s FEELINGS/ Tone of voice in his piece of writing

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