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a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group.

SS7G8 The student will describe the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southwest Asia (Middle East). a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group. b. Explain the diversity of religions within the Arabs, Persians, and Kurds.

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a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group.

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  1. SS7G8 The student will describe the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southwest Asia (Middle East). a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group. b. Explain the diversity of religions within the Arabs, Persians, and Kurds. c. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in Southwest Asia (Middle East): Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. d. Explain the reason for the division between Sunni and Shia Muslims.

  2. What is the difference between a religious group and an ethnic group? • Religious Group – • shares a belief system in a god or gods, with a specific set of rituals and literature. • People from different ethnic groups can share a religion. • What examples can you think of?

  3. What is the difference between a religious group and an ethnic group? • Ethnic Group – • a group of people who share cultural ideas and beliefs that have been a part of their community for generations. • What cultural ideas? Give some examples. • You can change religious groups, but not ethnic groups.

  4. Prominent Ethnic Groups of the Middle East • Arab • Persian • Kurd

  5. Arabs • Largest ethnic group in SW Asia • Being Arab does not mean a person follows a specific religion. Arabs can be Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, Agnostic, Atheistic, etc… • Most Arabs in SW Asia today follow Islam, specifically Sunni Islam (85% of Arabs world wide), but there has been a group identified as Arab longer than there has been a religion called Islam. • Most Arabs speak the Arabic language

  6. Persian • Most Persians in SW Asia can be found in Iran, which was known as Persia until its name changed following WWI. • Persians can follow any religion, although most in Iran practice Shia Islam (15% of Muslims worldwide follow Shia) • Most Persians speak Farsi

  7. Kurd • Ethnic group that lives in several different countries in SW Asia. Most are found in the mountains where Syria, Turkey, Iran and Iraq meet. • Most speak Kurdish • Kurds can choose to follow any religion, though the majority of Kurds in SW Asia follow Sunni Islam • Many Kurdish people hope to have their own independent nation

  8. Review Questions • Which ethnic group is most numerous in SW Asia? • Arabs • What modern country is the home to those who call themselves Persians? • Iran • What is the religion of most Persians is SW Asia? • Shia Islam

  9. Review Questions • What is the religion of most Arabs in SW Asia? • Sunni Islam • What is the religion of most of the Kurds? • Sunni Islam

  10. Activity • Create 3 separate Venn Diagrams to compare and contrast (show similarities and differences) the following pairs: • Arab and Persian • Kurd and Arab • Persian and Kurd

  11. World Religions Founded in Southwest Asia • Judaism • Christianity • Islam

  12. Judaism • Monotheistic – belief in only one God; when Judaism was founded, other ancient religions were polytheistic (belief in many gods) • Refers to God as Yahweh • Founded by Abraham, born in Mesopotamia sometime around 2000 B.C. • The Torah is the holy writing of Judaism • Various sites in Israel, such as the remains of the temple in Jerusalem, are considered sacred

  13. Judaism • Believe that god made a covenant (agreement) with Abraham to make him the head of a new nation if he would dedicate himself and the Hebrew people to the worship of one God. • Present day Israel was the land believed to have been promised to Abraham • Various sites in Israel, such as the remains of the temple in Jerusalem, are considered sacred

  14. Movie Time!

  15. Review Questions • What is the main belief that separated Judaism from other religions in the ancient world? • Monotheism • What is the holy writing of Judaism? • The Torah • Who founded Judaism? • Abraham

  16. Christianity • Grew out of Judaism • Differs from Judaism in that Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah, or savior of man. • Founded by Jesus in around 30 A.D. • Monotheistic • God of Christianity refers to Yahweh from Judaism • The Bible is the holy book of Christianity

  17. Christianity • Early Christianity had conflict with the Roman Empire. The Roman rulers saw Jesus as a threat to their authority. For this reason Jesus was sentenced to death. • By 300 AD Christianity had spread throughout the Roman Empire. • In 313 Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and ended harsh treatment of Christians in the Roman Empire.

  18. Movie Time!

  19. Review Questions • Who founded Christianity? • Jesus • Why did Jesus have trouble with the Roman authorities? • Romans saw him as a threat to the Empire • Why was Christianity eventually accepted by the Roman Empire? • Emperor Constantine saw that many Romans had become Christian

  20. Review Questions • What is the holy text of Christianity? • The Bible

  21. Islam • Founded by Muhammad in around 622 A.D. • Monotheistic • Refers to God as Allah • The Quran is the holy book of Islam • The cities or Mecca and Medina are considered sacred as well as some sites in Jerusalem • Followers of Islam are called Muslims, which means “one who submits”

  22. The Five Pillars of Islam • Shahada- the belief that “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet” • Salat – praying five times a day facing Mecca • Sakat – charity to the poor • Sawm- fasting during daylight hours during the month of Ramadan • Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca during one’s lifetime. Pilgrimage is to make a journey for a religious purpose

  23. Sunni and Shia Islam • Upon Muhammad’s death (632 AD) the Islamic community could not agree on a new leader. Islam was split into two main sects: Sunni and Shia

  24. Sunni Islam • Felt that the leader of Islam should be the person who followed closest to Muhammad’s example, regardless of birth. • Largest branch of Islam worldwide • Worldwide about 85% of Muslims identify as Sunni

  25. Shia Islam • Felt that the leader of Islam should follow Muhammad’s bloodline (relatives) • Worldwide about 15% of Muslims identify themselves as Shia • Iran is a majority Shia nation; in Iran over 90% of the population is Shia • Which ethnic group makes up the majority of Shia Muslims? (Hint: Look back over your notes)

  26. Sunni and Shia Islam

  27. Sunni and Shia

  28. Graphs! • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/maps/demotext.html

  29. Review Questions • What is the relationship between Judaism, Christianity and Islam? • All are monotheistic • Who founded Islam? • Muhammad • What issue led to the split between Sunni and Shia Islam? • They disagreed over who should lead the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad.

  30. Review Questions • Which is the largest branch of Islam worldwide? • Sunni • What are followers of Islam called? • Muslims • What is the holy scripture of Islam? • The Quran

  31. Activities • Place the founding of Islam, Judaism and Christianity in the correct order on a timeline. Be sure to include the year each was founded. • Create a Locke Triagram to compare and contrast Judaism, Christianity and Islam

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