Understanding Mobile IP: Requirements, Operations, and Security in Advanced Operating Systems

1. Mobile IP (Group 2) • Team Members:Mazen HammadChuck MannVrushali Nidgundi Hong Zhang • Course:CSE 8343 Advanced Operating Systems • Professor:Dr. Mohamed Khalil Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

2. Outline • Why IP mobility at Network Layer • Requirements for Mobile IP • Mobility model • Standards • Components of Mobile IP • Operations (Agent discovery, Registration, Tunneling) • Security • Applications Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

3. Routing in IP • Routing is based on stationary IP address • A device on a network is reachable through normal IP routing by the IP address it is assigned on the network • A node must be located on the network indicated by its IP address in order to receive datagrams destined to it Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

4. Why Mobility at the Network Layer • Network Layer is present in all Internet nodes • Network Layer is responsible for routing packets to proper destination • Change in physical medium is possible • Application transparent • Universal Solution for all applications Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

5. The IP Mobility Problem • A mobile host keeps its home address • The host must change its IP address whenever it moves • The host address must be preserved regardless of its location • Address management and registration • Security Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

6. Requirements for IP Mobility Requirements for IP Mobility • Ability to communicate from anywhere without changing the IP address • No change in the routing or addressing schemes • Communicate with other nodes that do not implement these mobility functions • Ensure Security • Scalability Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

7. Mobility Model Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

8. Standards Mobile IP standards are developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The standards are issued as Request for Comments (RFC) • RFC2002 Basic Mobile IP operation • RFC2003 IP encapsulation within IP • RFC2004 Minimal encapsulation within IP • RFC1701 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) • RFC2006 Management information Base (MIB) for Mobile IP • RFC2344 Reverse tunneling for Mobile IP • RFC2356 Firewall for mobile IP (SUN’sSKIP firewall) Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

9. Components of Mobile IP(MIP) • Mobile Node (MN) • Host or router that changes its point of attachment from one network to another • Has a permanent IP address given by the home network • Home Agent (HA) • Host or router on the MN’s home network • Provides point of attachment and permanent IP address to the MN • Maintains the MN’s current location information, mapping of MN’s permanent and current temporary address • Reroutes packets to the current mobile node temporary IP address • Authenticate MN Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

10. Components of MIP(cont..) • Foreign Agent (FA) • Host or router on the MN’s visited network • Provides temporary IP address to the MN • Maintains mapping of MN’s permanent and current temporary address • Forwards to the MN the packets received from its home agent • Care-Of-Address (COA) • The termination point of the tunnel toward the Mobile Node when it is on a foreign network Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

11. Operations of MIP • Three main operations • Agent Discovery • Registration • Tunneling Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

12. Operation of MIP--- Agent Discovery • The Mobile Node determines if it is connected to its home network or foreign network using ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) advertisement • The MN gets the information about HA and FA • If it is in the Foreign network, obtains the COA from the FA. Two types of addresses • Care-of-address acquired from a Foreign Agent • Co-located care-of-address • The Mobile Node then does the registration Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

13. Agent Discovery Message Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

14. Operation of MIP --- Registration • Mobile Node register with Home Agent via Foreign Agent(COA received from FA) or • Mobile Node register directly with Home Agent(Co-located COA) Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

15. Registration Messages Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

16. Operation of MIP --- Tunneling • Packet destined to the mobile node are routed to the home network(normal IP operation) • HA intercepts the packets on the home network • HA encapsulates packets and tunnels them to COA • At COA either FA or MN, the packet is decapsulated and delivered to the MN Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

17. Operation of MIP --- Tunneling Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

18. Operation of MIP --- Tunneling Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

19. Operation of MIP --- Tunneling Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

20. Security in Mobile IP • All registration messages between a Mobile Node and Home Agent are required to contain the Mobile-Home Authentication Extension (MHAE) • The integrity of the registration messages is protected by preshared 128-bit key between a Mobile Node and Home Agent • Reply protection uses the identification field in the registration messages as a timestamp and sequence number. The Home Agent returns its time stamp to synchronize the Mobile Node for registration Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

21. Applications • Enables seamless movement while “always on” in a corporate campus environment • Enables applications such as Telematics • Enables always-on connectivity for users traveling in railroads, cruise liners, planes • Enables mission-critical applications for public safety agencies to stay connected to the network while on the move Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

22. Conclusion • Network Mobility is achieved • Scalable • Transparent • Secure Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

23. References • IETF Mobile IP http://www.ietf.org RFC 2002, RFC 2344 • Mobile IP Design Principles and Practices by Charles E. Perkins • www.cisco.com -- white papers on Mobile IP • www.nortelnetworks.com -- white papers on MIP Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

24. Questions & Discussion Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

25. Thank You! Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems