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~ The First World War

~ The First World War. Unit 2: World War I Begins. Long Term Causes of WWI. Nationalism – National interests and unity should be placed ahead of global cooperation. France and Germany wanted European leadership. Russia and Austria-Hungary rivaled over Serbia.

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~ The First World War

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  1. ~ The First World War Unit 2: World War I Begins

  2. Long Term Causes of WWI • Nationalism – National interests and unity should be placed ahead of global cooperation. • France and Germany wanted European leadership. • Russia and Austria-Hungary rivaled over Serbia. • Poland wanted independence from Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. • The Czechs wanted independence from A/H.

  3. Long Term Causes, cont. • Imperialism – Competition for colonies which supplied raw materials and prestige. • Militarism – the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy. • Alliance system – the nations of Europe signed treaties of assistance that committed them to support one another.

  4. Alliances • The Triple Entente (aka the Allies): France, GB, and Russia • The Triple Alliance: Germany, A/H, Italy • Central Powers: Germany, A/H, Ottoman Empire

  5. The “Spark” • On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the A/H throne, and his wife were assassinated by a Serb. • Dominoes: A/H declares war on Serbia. Russia joins to aid Serbia. Germany aids A/H by declaring war on Russia and Russia’s ally, France. GB linked by treaty to France declares war on Germany and A/H. • History Channel

  6. The First Two Years • Germany invades Belgium on 8/14/1914 using Schlieffen Plan • By spring of 1915, two trenches across France: German soldiers in one; Allied soldiers in the other.

  7. Trench Warfare • “No man’s land” – the area between the trenches. • Between July 1 and mid November, 1916, total casualties: 1.2 million British, German, and French soldiers. • This type of fighting lasted three years and resulted in a stalemate.

  8. Trench Warfare

  9. Trench Warfare Over There-audio for Ringer#6

  10. American Neutrality • 3,000 miles away. • War did not threaten U.S. lives or property. • As war continued many sympathized with Allies • Germany’s brutal tactics • Economic ties to Allies

  11. The U.S. Enters the War • U.S. was sending millions in supplies to Allies. • Two reasons for joining: • Ensure repayment of Allies’ war debts • Prevent Germans from threatening U.S. shipping. • British Blockade – 750,000 Germans starve. • German U-Boat response – Sinking of the Lusitania (128 Americans died).

  12. The Sinking of the Lusitania

  13. The U.S. Enters the War, cont. • Wilson continues to refuse military response. • The Election of 1916 – Wilson re-elected • Germany vows to sink all British ships. • Zimmermann note • U.S. declares war in April, 1917

  14. U.S. Enters the War

  15. The Lost Battalion

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