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[b] [p]

[b] [p] _____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50. Point of release. +5 VOT. +15 VOT. [b]. [b].

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[b] [p]

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  1. [b] [p] _____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release

  2. +5 VOT +15 VOT [b] [b] _____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release

  3. +15 VOT +25 VOT [b] [b] _____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release

  4. +25 VOT +35 VOT [b] [p] _____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release

  5. +35 VOT +45 VOT [p] [p] _____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release

  6. Is this learned or Innate? • Big debate in the 1960s and 1970s: • Lieberman et.al. (1961) argued that this is based purely on experience and is learned (compatible with the Cognitive Approach) • Eimas et. al. (1971) argued that this is a biological phenomenon and has nothing to do with experience (compatible with Nativism).

  7. High Amplitude Sucking Technique • Children like to suck… • When they get excited, they suck quicker… • When they detect a change in their environment, they get excited… • Once they get used to that change, they get bored… • When they get bored, their sucking rate drops back to normal.

  8. High Amplitude Sucking Technique • This can be used to test infants perceptive abilities of sounds

  9. ba ba ba (Silence) (switch on Amp) [ba] ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba Suck Rate

  10. pa pa pa ba ba ba ba [pa] pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa Suck Rate

  11. +25ms +25ms +15ms +15ms +15ms +25ms +25ms +25ms +25ms Suck Rate

  12. +35 +35 +35 +25ms +25ms +25ms [+35] +35-+35-+35-+35-+35-+35 Suck Rate

  13. Spanish Children • Contrast between voiced and voiceless for Spanish is not +30ms, but +20 ms • So… • What do Spanish children do?

  14. Guatemalan Children • Tested in the same way… • Initially adhere to the English setting – 30ms • So what gives? Are Spanish kids somehow at a disadvantage?

  15. What does it mean? • Initially taken as evidence for Nativism: • The 30ms boundary is an innate part of our linguistic endowment.  BUT…

  16. Kuhl & Miller, 1976 • Found that Chinchilla’s also have a +30ms boundary…

  17. So what does it mean? Be careful with your logic

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