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During World War I (1914-1919), the U.S. mobilized over 3 million men through the Selective Service Act, while Black soldiers, often in noncombat roles, fought alongside them. Women served as nurses, typists, and volunteers with the Red Cross. Liberty Bonds were sold to fund the war effort. The American forces arrived as Russia faced internal strife. Following the defeat of Germany, the Treaty of Versailles imposed reparations and established the League of Nations. The U.S. Senate's rejection of the treaty marked a turning point, influencing the onset of WWII.
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Mobilizing for War • The Draft – 3 million men & Selective Service Act (age restrictions) • Black soldiers – segregated & filled noncombat roles • Women – volunteer nurses, typists, & interpreters, or the Red Cross • Liberty Bonds – loans to the govt. to help pay for the war
Americans Arrive • Russia leaves (Civil War breaking out at home; govt. overthrown by communists) • Battles fought on fronts (ex. western & eastern) • Germans losing too many men & supplies = defeat!
Armistice – truce • Germany becomes a republic • Germany leaves all foreign occupied territories • German war resources were destroyed (including U-boats)
Outcomes of WWI • War = 1914 - 1919 • Casualties: • Allies = 5.1 million • Central = 3.5 million • Americans = 116,000 • Wounded = 20 million • Civilians = thousands (unclear)
Wilson’s 14 Points • system to avoid future wars • one point called for self-determination – the right of people to decide their own political status • most important point called for League of Nations – an international congress of nations designed to settle disputes & protect democracy
Treaty of Versailles • The Big 4 decided (used 14 points as a guide): • Germany would have to pay reparations – payments for damages during the war • the Allies would gain control over parts of Germany • League of Nations would control Central Powers’ land • countries would practice self-determination • U.S. Senate rejected the treaty because it would involve the U.S. in European affairs; the U.S. never joined the League of Nations • This led to WWII