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Clean Air Workshop 2003 10-12 December 2003, Rio de Janeiro Establishment of Local Emission Factors for Vehicles Lennart Erlandsson, David Bauner AVL MTC, Sweden Presentation Background Methodology (used in Lima-Callao) Results (Analyses) Background Inter-action Model Measurement

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  1. Clean Air Workshop 200310-12 December 2003, Rio de JaneiroEstablishment of Local Emission Factors for VehiclesLennart Erlandsson, David BaunerAVL MTC, Sweden

  2. Presentation • Background • Methodology (used in Lima-Callao) • Results (Analyses)

  3. Background

  4. Inter-action Model Measurement of air quality Net Vehicles, Fuels Flows Measures Stationary, Fuels Activ. Scenarios M1 ... Area Activ. M2 ... 1 Ambient conditions Topogr. M3 ... 2 3 ...

  5. Sources • Mobile • Stationary • Area

  6. Mobile Sources • Exhaust emissions • Evaporative emissions • (Resuspended particulates)

  7. Emission Factors Depends on: • Engine technology • Maintenance of the vehicle • Fuel quality • Driving habits • Ambient temperature/humidity • Topography

  8. Engine Technology • Gasoline • Diesel • Type of vehicles • Passenger cars • Buses/Trucks • Motorcycles • Catalytic converter • Particle filter

  9. Technical Status • Requirements for new vehciels • Import of second hand cars • Composition of vehicle fleet • System for vehicle inspection • Level of maintenance ...for all types of vehicles included in the emission data base

  10. Development of Em. Factor Level of activity x “Technical” emission factor = “Total” emission factor

  11. Methodology (used for Lima-Callao)

  12. Vehicle Fleet in Lima - Callao Groups • Light duty vehicles 11 • GVWR up to 3.5 t • Heavy duty vehicles 5 • GVWR more than 3.5 t • Motorcycles 2 18

  13. Light Duty Vehicles Passenger cars, gasoline, without catalytic converter(2 versions: carburettor or injection) Passenger cars, gasoline, with catalytic converter Passenger cars, diesel Taxi, gasoline, without catalytic converter (2 versions) Taxi, gasoline, with catalytic converter Taxi, gas (CNG/LPG), without catalytic converter Taxi, diesel Pick-up/light truck, gasoline Pick-up/light truck, diesel

  14. Buses and Trucks Minivan, 12 passengers (LDV) Microbuses, 20 – 25 passengers Full size bus without emission control system (~ before 1990) Full size bus with emission control system (~ Euro I) Heavy duty truck GVWR < 16 t Heavy duty truck GVWR > 16 t

  15. Motorcycles Motorcycle 2-stroke Motorcycle 4-stroke (All cylinder volumes)

  16. Pollutants to Consider - Carbon monoxide (CO) - Hydrocarbons (VOC, HC) - Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) - Particulate matter (PM) - Oxides of sulfur (SOx) - Lead (Pb) and additionally: - Fuel consumption (CO2)

  17. Influencing Factors (in Lima-Callao) - Altitude - Humidity - Maintenance and Service - Load of the vehicle - Characteristics of the fleet - Fuel quality

  18. Some Results (Analyses)

  19. Existing Data Bases • USA • Mobile 5/5b, Mobile 6 • Europa • COPERT III • “German Handbook” • Artemis (not finalized)

  20. E F (g/km), at 40 km/h ”Handbook” Copert MTC EMOD1) Full size bus CO 11.7 2.9 7.2 12.9 HC 3.5 1.6 2.2 -- NOx 10.7 5.0 16.6 22.0 Part. 2.3 0.7 1.8 2.6 1) EMOD used in Lima-Callao

  21. E F (g/km), at 40 km/h ”Handbook” Copert MTC EMOD1) Taxi diesel CO 0.4 1.1 2.9 1.6 HC 0.08 0.3 0.9 -- NOx 0.5 1.1 1.4 1.8 Part. 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 1)EMOD used in Lima-Callao

  22. Contact:AVL MTC – Air QualityLennart ErlandssonP.O. Box 223, SE-136 23 HaningeSwedenPhone: + 46 8 500 656 00Direct: + 46 8 500 656 12Fax: + 46 8 500 283 28E-mail: lennart.erlandsson@avlmtc.comHome page: www.mtc.se

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