The Just War Tradition

1. The Just War Tradition

2. Just War Tradition Jus Ad Bellem (before the war) Jus In Bello (during the war) Jus Post Bellum (after the war)

3. Just War Tradition Jewish contributions Two types of legitimate warfare Obligatory war (Milchemet Mitzvah) God commanded wars of the Israelites Defensive wars of any era Voluntary war (Milchemet rashut) territorial expansion

4. Just War Tradition Contributions of Plato, Aristotle and Cicero Moral ideas discussed in Plato’s Republic “Just War” (Bellum Justum) - Aristotle in Politics. Cicero (1st century BCE) “those ware which are unjust are undertaken without provocation, for only a war waged for revenge or defense can be just.”

5. Just War Tradition Christian Teachings 1st century CE – non-violence St. Ambrose (parallels Cicero) – lacks systematic argument based on scripture. St. Augustine – War is a consequence of sin, but could also be a remedy.

6. Just War Tradition St. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo Ordained a priest at age 37 Ordained a Bishop after 5 years Author of “Confessions” and “The City of God” Established Just War Theory in the letter “The Correction of the Donatists”

7. Just War Tradition Just Cause Comparative Justice Right Intention Competent Authority Public Declaration Last Resort Reasonable Probability of Success Proportionality Peace as the Ultimate Objective of War

8. Just Cause

9. Comparative Justice

10. Right Intention

11. Competent Authority

12. Public Declaration

13. Last Resort

14. Reasonable Probability of Success

15. Proportionality

16. Peace as the Ultimate Object of War

17. Just War Tradition Just Cause Comparative Justice Right Intention Competent Authority Public Declaration Last Resort Reasonable Probability of Success Proportionality Peace as the Ultimate Objective of War

18. Just War in the 21st Century

19. Warfare in the 21 Century Is Just War Reality or Myth? Which do you Choose?