Who Would Win the Revolutionary War?

1. BRITISH many officers British navy ruled the seas fighting 3000 miles away form home - had to ship men and supplies Trained & experienced soldiers AMERICANS American army made up of citizen-soldiers who were badly trained few officers with any experienceFrance helped by sending money and trained officers Who Would Win the Revolutionary War?

2. BRITISH army had trouble getting soldiers, many people had family members and friends in America. fight was over a large area Could control cities but not country side AMERICANS no navy fighting at home defending family Fighting on familiar ground Who Would Win the Revolutionary War?

3. Critical Time 6 Chpt.- Sec. 2 Pgs. 184-189

4. What Was the Struggle for the Middle States? • Washington forced the British to retreat from Boston in March 1776 • He then rushed his army to New York City to Long Island • Washington expected Gen. Howe’s attack

5. Washington had fewer than 20,000 poorly trained troops • No navy

6. Howe’ army pushed ashore on Long Island (August) • 34,000 trained soldiers 9,000 Hessians, & 10,000 sailors • with ships to ferry troops

7. British strategy in New York

8. Battle of Long Island

9. Battle of Long Island • more than: • 1400 Americans KIA, WIA, or captured • Washington retreats to • avoid capture

10. In Autumn Series of battles • In November Americans cross Hudson River into New Jersey • British pursued • Washington crossed Delaware R. into Pennsylvania

12. Nathan Hale • gathered intelligence behind British lines for Washington • captured by British, he was tried & hanged for being a spy

13. Nathan Hale • as he was going to be hanged he said • “I only regret that I have only one life to lose for my country.”

14. By December 1776 American troops were sick, dirty, lacked adequate clothing for that time of year • soldiers fled camp every day & went home

15. The Crisis • ( written by Thomas Paine) urged Americans to support their army • Washington had it read to the troops

16. The Crisis • THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.

17. Washington planned a surprise attack on Trenton, NJ

18. December 25, 1776 Washington leads troops across icy Delaware R.

19. Morning of Dec. 26,1776 surprise Hessians guarding Trenton • Captured Trenton

20. Cornwallis set out to capture Washington • Washington slips behind Cornwallis’ lines & attacks Princeton NJ • It was a second victory for Washington

21. Washington moves troops to Morristown Pa for the winter • The two victories gave Americans new hope

22. New British Strategy • 1777 Gen. Burgoyne presents newplan to defeat Americans • seize the Hudson River Valley thus cutting New England off from the rest of the colonies

23. It called for 3 armies to march on Albany, NY from diff. Directions • Gen. John Burgoyne south from Canada • Lt. Colonel Barry St. Leger from Lake Ontario down the Mohawk River • Gen. Howe north up the Hudson R. from New York City

25. Gen. Howe instead captures Philadelphia

26. Gen. Howe defeats Americans at Battles of Brandywine & Germantown • (9/1777) • Then wintered in Philadelphia

27. British Gen. St. Leger attacks Fort Stanwix & was defeated by Benedict Arnold • (8/1777)

28. Gen. Burgoyne marched toward Albany • He retook Fort Ticonderoga (7/1777)

29. Fought the Battle of Bennington (Vermont) • Patriots capture or wound nearly 1,000 Redcoats (Aug. 16, 1777)

30. Americans surround Gen. Burgoyne at village of Saratoga

31. Oct. 17, 1777 Burgoyne surrenders to Americans

32. Who was the powerful new ally? • Two consequences of the Battle of Saratoga

33. Battle of Saratoga • 1. Benedict Arnold is wounded • Over time he came to believe Congress had not rewarded him enough for his victory at Saratoga & other battles

34. Battle of Saratoga • Influenced by bitterness Arnold & his wife betrayed his army • By attempting to over Ft. West Point to the British (1780 ) • The plot failed and he escaped

35. Battle of Saratoga • Battle of Saratogaturning point in the war • ended British threat to New England

36. Who Helped From Abroad? • Help From Abroad • 1776 France began to give secret aid to the Americans • After the Americans won at Saratoga, King Louis XVI recognized U.S. independence

37. 1778 – France signs two treaties of alliance with the U.S. • France sent badly needed funds, supplies, & troops to America

38. 1779 – France persuades Spain to help America Britain had to fight France & Spain in many places This made it impossible for Britain to concentrate its forces in America

39. How do Europeans Help Washington? • Europeans Help Washington • Volunteers arrive from Europe to help

40. Baron de Kalb • German officer who had served in the French Army

41. Baron de Kalb • One of Washington’s Generals & earned a reputation for bravery • At the Battle of Camden he was wounded 10 times the 11 time he died

42. The Marquis de Lafayette • French noble • Brought trained soldiers • Fought at Brandywine • One of Washington’s most trusted friends

43. Thaddeus Kosciusko • Polish, an engineer • Help build forts and other defenses

44. Casimir Pulaski • Polish • Train cavalry

45. Bernardo de Ga’lvez • Spanish, governor of Spanish Louisiana • Spain neutral • He secretly provided medicine, cloth, muskets, and gunpowder

46. Bernardo de Ga’lvez • Spain enters war in 1779 Ga’lvez seized British forts on the Mississippi R. & Gulf of Mexico • drove British out of West Florida

47. Fredrick von Steuben • Prussian, • taught American soldiers skills • Bayonet skills • and to march

48. What was the Winter at Valley Forge? • Beginning the winter of 1777-1778 Washington and his troops camp at Valley Forge, Pa. • The army was very short of supplies • Many had only blankets to cover themselves, they also lacked shoes

49. Winter at Valley Forge