Input/Output Design

1. Input/Output Design - Physical design of output reports and input forms

2. System Boundary

3. Output-design Objectives • Serve the intended purpose • Deliver the right quantity of output • Deliver it to the right place • Provide output on time

4. Types of Outputs • Internal outputs stay inside the system to support the system's users and managers • Detailed, Summary, Exception reports • External outputs leave the system to trigger actions on the part of their recipients or confirm actions to their recipients • Turnaround outputs are those which are typically implemented as a report eventually re-enters the system as an input

5. Internal Outputs • Detailed Reports: • Present information with little or no filtering or restrictions. • Some detailed reports are historical in nature. • Detailed reports confirm and document the successful processing of transactions and serve as an audit trail for subsequent management inquiry. • Summary Reports: • Categorizes information for managers • Exception Reports: • Filter data before it is presented to the manager as information. • Exception reports only report exceptions to some condition or standard.

6. Detailed Reports

7. Summary Reports

8. Exceptional Reports

9. External Outputs • External outputs leave the system to trigger actions on the part of their recipients or confirm actions to their recipients • Turnaround outputs are those which are typically implemented as a report eventually re-enters the system as an input

10. External Output

11. Turnaround Output

12. Output Media • Paper – tabular, zone output • Screen – graphic output • Point-of-Sale (POS) terminal • Video/Audio • Email • Hyperlink

13. Sample Report Prototype

14. Example of Graphic Output

15. Web based Output

17. System User Issues for Output Design • Besimple to read and interpret. • Be dated and time-stamped. • Include sections and headings • Only required information should be displayed • Computer jargon and error messages should be omitted

18. Input Design

19. Input Methods • Keyboard, Mouse, Touch Screen • Point-of-Sale (ATM) • Sound, Speech • Optical Mark (OMR, Barcode) • Smart card • Biometric

20. Taxonomy • Data capture • the identification and acquisition of new data • Data entry • the process of translating data into a computer-readable format • Data processing

21. Data Entry / Processing • Batch input • Key-to-disk (KTD) and key-to-tape (KTT) • On-line input • graphical user interface (GUI) • Remote batch

22. Trends in Automatic Data Collection Technology • Biometric ADC (automatic data capture) • Electromagnetic (radio) • Optical (Bar coding ) • optical-mark reader (OMR) or optical-character reader (OCR) • Smart Cards • Touch

23. System User Issues for Input Design • Capture only variable data. • Do not capture data that can be calculated or stored in computer programs. • Use codes for appropriate attributes.

24. Suggestions for capture data • Include instructions for completing the form • Minimize the amount of handwriting • Data to be entered should be sequenced so that it can be read like book, top to bottom and left to right • When possible, use design based on known metaphors

27. Use Known Metaphors

28. Internal Controls for Inputs • To ensure that the data input to the computer is accurate and that the system is protected against accidental and intentional errors and abuse, including fraud • Completeness checks • Limit and range checks • Combination checks

29. How to Prototype & Design Computer Inputs • Step 1: Review Input Requirements • Step 2: Select the GUI Controls • Step 3: Prototype the Input Screen • Step 4: If Necessary, Design or Prototype the Source Document

30. Review Input Requirement

31. Prototype the Input Screen

32. Well-designed Source Document

33. Web-based Input Prototype for Web Shopping Cart