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Lesson 2.2. Learning Targets. To explain the importance of the Renaissance to the modern times To identify famous persons and their contributions to the Renaissance. UPDATING OUR TIMELINE. The Dark Ages. 1400s. 1600s. 1300s. 476 – 1200s. The Middle Ages. The Renaissance.
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Learning Targets • To explain the importance of the Renaissance to the modern times • To identify famous persons and their contributions to the Renaissance
UPDATING OUR TIMELINE The Dark Ages 1400s 1600s 1300s 476 – 1200s The Middle Ages The Renaissance Transition to Modern Times
Renaissance means rebirth at the time when Europe was recovering from the Dark ages and the plague. It was a by-product/result of the crusades which allowed Europe to change ways of life, ways of thinking, values and social norms the human spirit had to be reawakened
People became less interested in thinking about God, heaven and saints • More interested in thinking about themselves, surroundings and everyday lives • Artists, writers, musicians and composers began creating work outside the realms of the church
During the middle ages • Find God During the Renaissance • Find man
Where did it begin and why? • Italy • City-states of Florence, Milan, Venice, and Genoa • Major Trading Centers which gave wealth to many merchants • Direct inheritors of the glorious • Roman civilization in the ancient • times
Major Italian Cities All of these cities: Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets Venice Milan Genoa Florence Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea
…and so… A new "world view" was created - the way one looked at and answered basic questions: What are humans? What is the purpose of life? Why am I here?
A New Conception of Human Beings Individualism. People thought it right to be themselves - the great man can shape his own destiny Humanism. Humans are the center of the universe and the "measure of all things." Well-Roundness. Humans could do well at many things: "The Renaissance Man."
Humanism • Pursuit of individualism • Recognition that humans are creative • Appreciation of art as a product of man
How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance? • • Increased demand for Middle Eastern products allowing for more people to participate in trade and commerce • The rise of the middle class who could afford to become a Patron of the Arts
Political Ideas of the Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince Machiavelli believed: “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit” Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule. He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience.
Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved. MIGHT MAKES RIGHT • Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making • Ruler keeps power by any means necessary • The end justifies the means • Be good when possible, and evil when necessary
Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.
They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form Architecture reached new heights of design
Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the most inspired men who ever lived
David Michelangelo created his masterpiece David in 1504.
Interpretation: • The key to the David's appeal is Michelangelo's magnificent projection of man at his best - vigorously healthy, beautiful, rational, competent. It expresses a heroic view of man and of a universe auspicious to his success. Such a projection is of immeasurable worth to anyone who holds such a sense of life - whether that person lived 500 years ago or lives today.
Sistine Chapel About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Creation of Adam Creation of Eve The Last Judgment Separation of Light and Darkness
Michelangelo used bright colors, easily visible from the floor. On the lowest part of the ceiling he painted the ancestors of Christ. Above this he alternated male and female prophets, with Jonah over the altar. On the highest section Michelangelo painted nine stories from the Book of Genesis.
In less than two years Michelangelo carved from a single slab of marble, one of the most magnificent sculptures ever created. His interpretation of the Pieta was far different than those previously created by other artists. Michelangelo decided to create a youthful, serene and celestial Virgin Mary instead of a broken hearted and somewhat older woman.
1452-1519 Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer Genius!
The most famous and iconic painting in the world • Thought to be Lisa Gherardini also known as La Giaconda – wife of Francesco del Giocondo who commissioned da Vinci to make a portrait of his wife.
Found in Sta. Maria del Grazie, Milan Italy (a Dominican Monastery) • It portrays the different reaction given by each apostle as Jesus said one of them would betray him. All twelve apostles have different reactions to the news.
Pythagoras Plato and Aristotle Socrates
Raphael (back) Euclid Zoroaster & Ptolemy
Jan Van Eyck Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (1434) Northern Renaissance
Van Eyck Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail)
How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian Renaissance? Humanism • Celebrated the individual • Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture • Was supported by wealthy patrons
PetrarchSonnets, humanistscholarship Francesco Petrarch 1304-1374 Assembled Greek and Roman writings. Wrote Sonnets to Laura, love poems in the Vernacular
Literature flourished during the Renaissance This can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type. The Bible
Erasmus Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible “I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated . . . As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it” The Praise of Folly Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy. He felt people would be open minded and be kind to others.
Sir Thomas More English Humanist Wrote: Utopia A book about a perfect society Believed men and women live in harmony. No private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals.
Bibliography Images from: Corbis.com Web Gallary of Art www.wga.hu
