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Codex-UK ´Gebrauchsgegenstände´ 3. Juni 2008 / BMGFJ. Titelformat bearbeiten. Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology - ofi. www.ofi.at. CROPACK 2010. Renewable vs. Biodegradable New materials for packaging technology. Michael Pitzl ofi – Department Packaging.

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  1. Codex-UK ´Gebrauchsgegenstände´3. Juni 2008 / BMGFJ Titelformat bearbeiten Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology - ofi www.ofi.at CROPACK 2010 Renewable vs. Biodegradable New materialsforpackagingtechnology Michael Pitzl ofi – Department Packaging

  2. An inconvient truth? Source: www.youtube.com 2010-02-18

  3. Solution – Bioplastics? • Recent headlines: Coca-Cola Co announced the selective global roll-out of its new PET bottle made from up to 30 per cent plant materials such as sugar and molasses. Bioserie iPhone® Case is really green! • Advertising slogan: Packaging without the guilt? Bioplastics Source: www.plasticsnews.com 2010-02-17 www.ubergizmo.com 2010-02-22

  4. New materials? • Before 1940 approx. 80 % ofcommerciallyavailablebiodegradableplasticanditsmonomerswerediscoveredanddescribed • 1938 Polyethylen • In the 70s: • Oilcrises (1973) • Set pointforfurtherdevelopment • In the 80s: • Oilcrises (1980) – pilotplantsforbioplastics • Oxodegrableproducts – inhibitedthefurtherdevelopment? Source: NARAYAN R. et al. 1994 www.n24.de 2010-02-17

  5. Definition of Bioplastic • Up to now not fixed (CEN/TC 249/WG 17 planed release 2010) • According to European Bioplastics: Plasticbased on renewableresources Biodegradable polymers which meet all criteria of scientifically recognized norms for biodegradability and compostability of plastics and plastic products (EU: EN 13432 / EN 14995, US: ASTM D-6400, ISO 17088). • NOT oxodegradable! Source: www.european-bioplastics.org 2010-02-17

  6. Definition of Bioplastic

  7. Development of the market • Capacity 2009 400.000 t worldwide • Small market, but high growth rates up to 10 % Source: www.european-bioplastics.org 2010-02-17

  8. State of development Research > Development > Pilot Plant > Commercialization > World-scale Plant > Industrial production Source: bioplastics Magazine 03/2007

  9. Biodegradable materials • In general 4 materials commercially available • Starch-based polymers • Polylactic acid • Polyhydroxyalkanoates • Cellulose derivates • Chitosan? • Polymer blends and • composites Source: www.basf.com 2008-09-12 YU L. et al. 2006

  10. Starch-based polymersMater-Bi® • Maize and/or potatoe starch in blend with polycaprolactones and other biodegradable esters • Europeas most common bioplastic Source: www.novamont.com 2009-12-01

  11. Starch-based polymersOthers • Plantic®Starch from maize and hydroxypropyl, Plantic Technologies (AUS) • Solanyl®Starch from potatoes, Rodenburg Biopolymers • (NL) • Bioplast®Starch blend, Biotec (DE) • Biopar®Starch from potatoes and blends, Biop AG (D) Similar to PE (converting) Limited applications! Source: www.plantic.com.au 2009-04-01

  12. Polylactic acid • Main producer: NatureWorks (US) • Other Producers: Hycail (FI), Toyota (J) and Uhde Inventa (D) • Glucose from maize or lactose from whey Source: LIM L.-T. et al. 2008

  13. Polylactic acid blends • Ecovio® 45 % PLA + Ecoflex®, BASF (D) • Ecovio® L-Foam 75 % PLA + Ecoflex®, BASF (D) • Bio-Flex® PLA + Copolyester, FKuR (D) Similar to PET and/or PS (converting) Sensitive to temperature! Source: www.basf.com 2008-09-12 YU L. et al. 2006

  14. Polyhydroxyalkanoates • Mirel™ Metabolix (US) • Biomer™ Biomer (D) Fermentation of starch, rape, plant residues, etc. Only Injection Moulding! PHB, PHV, PHBV, ... Source: www.metabolix.com 2008-09-12

  15. Cellulose derivates NatureFlex™ Innovia (UK) Barrier coatings! Source: www.innoviafilms.com 2008-09-12

  16. Comparision Thermal properties: Melting temperatureBiopolymers comparable with conventional plastics Source: WEBER C. J. 2000

  17. Oxygen transmission rateBiopolymers in the midfield Comparision Source: WEBER C. J. 2000

  18. Comparision Water vapour transmission rateBiopolymers in the midfield Source: WEBER C. J. 2000

  19. Transmission of UV-light Comparision

  20. Food safety packaging material Nearly all starting substances are listed Migration values are below legal limits No significant difference in microbial growth on packaging material No desintegration during shelf life Migrants from PLA are safe

  21. End of lifeComposting? End of life Source: WEBER C. J. 2000

  22. End of lifeCompsoting? End of life Source: ENDRES H.-J. 2009

  23. THANK YOU! Michael Pitzl E-Mail: michael.pitzl@ofi.at • Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology - ofi • Brehmstraße 14a • A-1110 Wien • +43-(0)1-798 16 01 - 597 • +43-(0)1-798 16 01 - 480

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