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Understanding Basic Electrical Concepts: Voltage, Current, and Resistance Explained

Chapter 3 of the Technician Licensing Class dives into the foundational elements of electricity, covering essential topics such as voltage, current, resistance, and the application of Ohm's Law. Learn about the different types of circuits, including series and parallel connections, and how to use essential measurement devices like voltmeters and ammeters. This chapter also explains the concepts of electrical pressure and flow and how these relate to real-world applications in radio and electronic circuits.

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Understanding Basic Electrical Concepts: Voltage, Current, and Resistance Explained

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  1. Technician Licensing Class“Chapter 3” “ Sipping from a Fire Hose 101”

  2. Chapter 3 Contents • Electricity • Components and Units • Types of Radios and Radio Circuits

  3. Electricity • Voltage and Current • Circuits • Resistance (including Ohm’s Law) • Power • AC and DC

  4. Voltage • Symbol: “E” or “e” • Unit of Measure: “Volt” • Measurement Device: “Voltmeter” • Can be positive or negative • Measured between two points referenced to ground (usually) or to each other • Is a measure of “pressure” • aka: Electrical potential

  5. Current • Symbol: “I” or “i” • Unit of Measure: “Ampere” or “amp” • Measures flow of current through something • Measurement Device: “Ammeter”

  6. Quantity Amount of charge transmitted in one second by a constant flow of 1 ampere • Unit of Measure: “Coulomb” • Number of Electrons flowing per second 6.25 x 1018 Electrons per second Equals one ampere • An ampere is like a cord of firewood • A coulomb is like the number of pieces of firewood in a cord

  7. SERIES PARALLEL Circuits AMMETER – connect in Series VOLTMETER – connect in Parallel

  8. Open Circuit Short Circuit Circuits

  9. T5A01 Electrical current is measured in which of the following units? • Volts • Watts • Ohms • Amperes

  10. T5A03 What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit? • Voltage • Resistance • Capacitance • Current

  11. T5A05 What is the electrical term for the electromotive force (EMF) that causes electron flow? • Voltage • Ampere-hours • Capacitance • Inductance

  12. T5A11 What is the basic unit of electromotive force? • The volt • The watt • The ampere • The ohm

  13. T7D01 Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential or electromotive force? • An ammeter • A voltmeter • A wavemeter • An ohmmeter

  14. T7D02 What is the correct way to connect a voltmeter to a circuit? • In series with the circuit • In parallel with the circuit • In quadrature with the circuit • In phase with the circuit

  15. T7D03 How is an ammeter usually connected to a circuit? • In series with the circuit • In parallel with the circuit • In quadrature with the circuit • In phase with the circuit

  16. T7D04 Which instrument is used to measure electric current? • An ohmmeter • A wavemeter • A voltmeter • An ammeter

  17. Meters • Voltmeter - Electromotive Force • Ammeter - Current • Ohmmmeter - Resistance • Multimeter • aka VOM (Volt-Ohm-Meter) • Aaka – DVM (Digital Volt Meter) • Actually measures all three

  18. T7D: Basic repair and testing; soldering, use of a voltmeter,ammeter and ohmmeter • T7D3 An ammeter is connected to a circuit in series with the circuit. • T7D4 An ammeter is an instrument used to measure electric current.

  19. T7D06 Which of the following might damage a multimeter? • Measuring a voltage too small for the chosen scale • Leaving the meter in the milliamps position overnight • Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance setting • Not allowing it to warm up properly

  20. T7D07 Which of the following measurements are commonly made using a multimeter? • SWR and RF power • Signal strength and noise • Impedance and reactance • Voltage and resistance

  21. T7D10 • What is probably happening when an ohmmeter, connected across a circuit, initially indicates a low resistance and then shows increasing resistance with time? • The ohmmeter is defective • The circuit contains a large capacitor • The circuit contains a large inductor • The circuit is a relaxation oscillator

  22. T7D11 Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring circuit resistance with an ohmmeter? • Ensure that the applied voltages are correct • Ensure that the circuit is not powered • Ensure that the circuit is grounded • Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency

  23. Resistance • Impedes the flow of electrons to some degree • Ohm – Unit of Measure • Symbol = “R” • Represented by Ω (Greek Letter Omega)

  24. Resistance • Conductor • Let electrons flow easily • Low resistance • Copper, Gold Aluminium • Insulator • Prevent flow of electrons • Very high resistance • Glass, rubber ceramics, paper, dry wood

  25. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D1 The formula CURRENT (I) EQUALS VOLTAGE (E) DIVIDED BY RESISTANCE (R) IS USED TO CALCULATE CURRENT in a circuit. E is for Voltage, I is for current, and R is for resistance The math is easy Two known numbers are given, solve for the unknown Cover up the unknown and plug the numbers in the other two I = E / R Finding Amperes E = I x R Finding Voltage R= E / I Finding Resistance

  26. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D2THE FORMULA VOLTATE (E) EQUALS CURRENT (I) MULTIPLIED BY RESISTANCE (R) IS USED TO CALCULATE VOLTAGE IN A CIRCUIT E is for Voltage, I is for current, and R is for resistance The math is easy Two known numbers are given, solve for the unknown Cover up the unknown and plug the numbers in the other two E = I x R Finding Voltage I = E / R Finding Amperes R= E / I Finding Resistance

  27. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D3 THE FORMULA RESISTANCE (R) EQUALS VOLTAGE (E) DIVIDED BY CURRENT (I) IS USED TO CALCULATE RESISTANCE IN A CIRCUIT. E is for Voltage, I is for current, and R is for resistance The math is easy Two known numbers are given, solve for the unknown Cover up the unknown and plug the numbers in the other two E = I x R Finding Voltage R= E / I Finding Resistance I = E / R Finding Amperes

  28. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D4 The resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows through a resistor connected to 90 volts is 30 ohms. Solving for “R” so cover up the “R” and plug in the other two numbers E is given as 90 volts and I is given as 3 amperes R = E / I R = 90 / 3 R = 30 ohms

  29. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D5 The resistance in a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes is 8 ohms. Solving for “R” so cover up the “R” and plug in the other two numbers E is given as 12 volts and I is given as 1.5 amperes R = E / I R = 12 / 1.5 R = 8 ohms

  30. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D6The resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source is 3 ohms. Solving for “R” so cover up the “R” and plug in the other two numbers E is given as 12 volts and I is given as 4 amperes R = E / I R = 12 / 4 R = 3 ohms

  31. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D7 The current flow in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms is 1.5 amperes. Solving for “I” so cover up the “I” and plug in the other two numbers E is given as 120 volts and R is given as 80 ohms I = E / R I = 120 / 80 I = 1.5 amperes

  32. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D8 The current flowing through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts is 2 amperes. Solving for “I” so cover up the “I” and plug in the other two numbers E is given as 200 volts and R is given as 100 ohms I = E / R I = 200 / 100 I = 2 amperes

  33. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D9 The current flowing through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts 10 amperes. Solving for “I” so cover up the “I” and plug in the other two numbers E is given as 240 volts and R is given as 24 ohms I = E / R I = 240 / 24 I = 10 amperes

  34. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D10 The voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it is 1 volt. Solving for “E” so cover up the “E” and plug in the other two numbers I is given as 0.5 amperes and R is given as 2 ohms E = I x R E = 0.5 x 2 E= 1 volt

  35. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D11The voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 amperes flows through it is 10 volts. Solving for “E” so cover up the “E” and plug in the other two numbers I is given as 1 ampere and R is given as 10 ohms E = I x R E = 1 x 10 E= 10 volts

  36. T5D Ohm’s Law T5D12The voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it is 20 volts. Solving for “E” so cover up the “E” and plug in the other two numbers I is given as 1 ampere and R is given as 10 ohms E = I x R E = 2 x 10 E= 20 volts

  37. T5A07 Which of the following is a good electrical conductor? • Glass • Wood • Copper • Rubber

  38. T5A08 Which of the following is a good electrical insulator? • Copper • Glass • Aluminum • Mercury

  39. T5D01 What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit? • Current (I) equals voltage (E) multiplied by resistance (R) • Current (I) equals voltage (E) divided by resistance (R) • Current (I) equals voltage (E) added to resistance (R) • Current (I) equals voltage (E) minus resistance (R)

  40. T5D02 What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit? • Voltage (E) equals current (I) multiplied by resistance (R) • Voltage (E) equals current (I) divided by resistance (R) • Voltage (E) equals current (I) added to resistance (R) • Voltage (E) equals current (I) minus resistance (R)

  41. T5D03 What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit? • Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) • Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) • Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) added to current (I) • Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) minus current (I)

  42. T5D04 What is the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows through a resistor connected to 90 volts? • 3 ohms • 30 ohms • 93 ohms • 270 ohms

  43. T5D05 What is the resistance in a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes? • 18 ohms • 0.125 ohms • 8 ohms • 13.5 ohms

  44. T5D06 What is the resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source? • 3 ohms • 16 ohms • 48 ohms • 8 ohms

  45. T5D07 What is the current flow in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms? • 9600 amperes • 200 amperes • 0.667 amperes • 1.5 amperes

  46. T5D08 What is the current flowing through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts? • 20,000 amperes • 0.5 amperes • 2 amperes • 100 amperes

  47. T5D09 What is the current flowing through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts? • 24,000 amperes • 0.1 amperes • 10 amperes • 216 amperes

  48. T5D10 What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it? • 1 volt • 0.25 volts • 2.5 volts • 1.5 volts

  49. T5D11 What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through it? • 1 volt • 10 volts • 11 volts • 9 volts

  50. T5D12 What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it? • 8 volts • 0.2 volts • 12 volts • 20 volts

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