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Understanding Sensation and Perception: The Science Behind Our Senses

This comprehensive exploration of sensation and perception delves into how our sensory receptors receive stimuli from the environment and how the nervous system processes this information. We differentiate between bottom-up and top-down processing, shedding light on phenomena such as prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces. Key concepts include transduction, absolute threshold, signal detection theory, and sensory adaptation. Discover how selective attention shapes our perception, exemplified by the Cocktail Party Effect, allowing us to focus on a desired stimulus amidst distractions.

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Understanding Sensation and Perception: The Science Behind Our Senses

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Sensation147-152

  2. Sensation • The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive stimulus from the environment. • Sensory receptors = specialized cells within the eye, ear, skin, etc.

  3. Perception • The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

  4. Bottom Up vs. Top Down Processing • Bottom Up Processing: Flow of sensory data from sensory receptors to the brain

  5. Top Down Processing: drawing meaning from our senses by using knowledge, experience, etc. • The difference between our eyes seeing a face and us recognizing someone we know. PROSOPAGNOSIA – inability to recognize faces (6). • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLGXAiSpN00&list=LPix2Ja8A7F5Q&index=1&feature=plcp

  6. Transduction • Process to convert physical energy to a neural signal

  7. Absolute Threshold • The minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time. • Touch minimum = bee’s wings on skin

  8. Signal Detection Theory • Predicts how we detect a stimulus amid other stimuli. • Assumes that we do not have an absolute threshold. • We detect stuff based on our experiences, motivations and fatigue level.

  9. GI Joe will perceive…? Sleeping Baby will perceive…?

  10. Subliminal Stimulation • Below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness (3) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73fCLx-mFLg Does this work? Yes and No • Slide studies showed some emotional reactivity (called priming a response). • The effects are subtle and fleeting.

  11. Backmasking (8) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMaA8LK5BZw

  12. Difference Threshold • The minimum difference that a person can detect between two stimuli. • Also known as Just Noticeable Difference

  13. Can you tell the difference?

  14. Weber’s Law • The idea that, to perceive a difference between two stimuli, they must differ by a constant percentage; not a constant amount.

  15. Sensory Adaptation • Diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation.

  16. We do not perceive the world how it really is, but as it is useful for us to perceive it.

  17. Selective Attention • The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

  18. An example of selective attention is: Cocktail Party Effect: ability to listen to one voice among many.

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