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European Exploration of the Americas, 1492-1700

European Exploration of the Americas, 1492-1700. Chapter 2. Section 1. Spain Claims an Empire. Competition and Exploration. Pope Gives Half of South America to Spain West: Spain, East: Brazil Reasons to explore: Spread Christianity, Rich, Expand Empire

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European Exploration of the Americas, 1492-1700

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  1. European Exploration of the Americas, 1492-1700 Chapter 2

  2. Section 1 Spain Claims an Empire

  3. Competition and Exploration • Pope Gives Half of South America to Spain • West: Spain, East: Brazil • Reasons to explore: • Spread Christianity, Rich, Expand Empire • Colonies: give home country resources (gold) • Home countries become wealthy • Expeditions: • Pacific Ocean/ around the world

  4. Spain Invades America • Conquistadors- Spanish explores/conquerors • Cortes: • Lands in Mexico-1519 • Conquers Aztec / Montezuma • Pizarro: • Conquers Peru (Incas)- 1531 • Reasons for defeat of Natives • Disease • Better Weapons/steel • Local enemies

  5. Cont. • Rumors of gold influence expeditions • Spanish explore parts of N. America • All fail to find cities of gold

  6. Section 2 Competition in North America

  7. Reading Check • Read “The Search for the Northwest Passage” on page 55.

  8. Search for Northwest Passage • Search for N.W. Passage to Asia • Hudson (England) and Champlain (France) • North America being explored • Countries exploring/competing • French, England • Dutch, Spain • Spain angry about competition

  9. Spain and England Clash • Spain fights England/France: • Religion • National Power • America • England defeats Spain: • Queen Elizabeth I • Spanish Armada • Rise of England, decline of Spain • England focuses on N. America

  10. Europeans Compete for land/trade • New France: • 1st permanent Fr. Settlement in N.A. • French colonies- 1608 • Open fur trade with Natives • Trading Posts • Dutch colonies-1609 • New Netherland/Amsterdam (present day N.Y.) • Trade

  11. Section 3 Colonization of North America

  12. Reading Check • Read “Columbian Exchange” on page 59.

  13. Spanish America • Spain’s American empire • New Spain, Peru (viceroyalties) • Spain creates culture of classes: • Creoles, Mestizos, • Native Americans,Africans • Spread Christianity: • Missions- convert natives • Catholic • Large Plantations: • Food, natural resources, Cash Crops • Many Natives die from overwork, European Disease

  14. Emergence of American Slavery • Slavery- forced labor • Europeans reasons for Afr. Slaves: • Immune to disease • no family/friends in N.A • Cheap labor, farming experience in Africa • Middle Passage: • Extremely harsh voyage from Africa to America • Terrible/crammed, several weeks • About 2 million die during passage • Triangular Trade: • Movement of ships from Eruo. to Afr. to Am.

  15. The Columbian Exchange • Transfer of living things from eastern to western hemispheres • Spanish bring plants, animals, germs • Cause disease, Native Am. not immune • Many die • American crops shipped back to Europe, become part of diet • Greatly changed the world

  16. 5 Most Important Points • Europeans Explore Americas • Spain Colonizes South America • England defeats Spain, gains power and advantage in North America • Africans are brought over to New Spain as slaves • Exchange of goods and living things between Hemispheres changes world

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