Transformation of the West

1. Transformation of the West

2. Warm-Up: Pick up Notes-Packet + Assignment Packet from front cart and complete 1st page of Notes-Packet. Copy Assignment in Handbook Schedule • Warm-Up • PowerPoint  Transcontinental RR Assignment: Assignment Page 1 Closure: How did the transcontinental railroad change the US?

3. Railroads Link East & West • 1863, Central Pacific + Union Pacific began building first transcontinental railroad • Federal govt. lent each company millions • Also gave companies land along track (to sell = $$$) J j

4. “White manpower, the kind employers preferred, was in desperately short supply…The few white recruits who did straggle in…leaned on their picks when the boss rode away and shouldered their shovels on payday.” Immigrant Workers • Promontory Point: Utah • Meeting place · Labor was scarce due to the hard, dangerous work and low pay. • Union Pacific • Started in Nebraska • Hired many Irish immigrants • Laid more track due to Great Plains (flat land) • Central Pacific • Started in California • 90% of their workforce were Chinese immigrants • Had to cross Sierra Nevada Mts. · Therefore, immigrant labor was used. Massive discrimination

5. The workers endured scorching deserts, blinding snowstorms, and blasted through mountains. Chinese railroad workers perform their duties in the snow.

7. “PACIFIC CHIVALRY”Harper’s Weekly, August 7, 1869, page 512 (Nast Cartoon)

10. Impact of Railroad Solar Time • Based time off sun’s position in the sky  time issues for trains traveling long distance Standard Time • 4 time zones across the US

11. R.R. brought settlers to the frontier (West/Great Plains which was occupied mainly by Native Americans) • Weaken Native American hold on the West • Railroads link nation economically • Trains from west carry raw materials (lumber/grain/cattle) to eastern cities • Eastern cities turn raw materials into manufactured goods in their factories which are then sold to westerners

12. Warm-Up: Answer the 3 questions on page 4 in your Notes Packet. Schedule • Warm-Up • PowerPoint  Cattle Industry, Gold Rush & Wild West • Was the Wild West Wild • Clips + Pictorial Walkthrough • PowerPoint  Western Realities Assignment: Assignment Page 2 due Friday Quiz Next Week Closure: Why was the Wild West portrayed as ‘Wild’?

13. Mining Industry “Gold Fever” help draw people to the west

15. Mining in the West Colorado: Pike’s Peak- 1859 gold discovery = 100,000 miners The mining camp nearby turned into Denver, CO (eventual capital) = boomtown

16. 1859 miners hit ‘pay dirt’ at Comstock Lode in Nevada (Sierra Nevada Range) Lode- deposit of valuable minerals (silver and gold) buried in rock Comstock Lode produced over $300 million in silver and gold

17. Rush Ends • Few prospectors actually became rich  large mining companies have machines dig deep underground • Work was hard/dangerous (cave-ins, lung problems) • 1890s, mining production decrease = ghost towns **Positive** • Nevada, Colorado, South Dakota became states due to population increases

18. Cattle Industry • 1st cowhands- vaqueros- came from Mexico and settled in Southwest • Helped ranchers manage their herds • Taught American cowhands to round up, rope, brand, ride • Many different people worked as cowhands • 1/3 were Mexican + African-Americans • African Americans migrate west due to black codes

19. By 1860s, railroads changed cattle industry • Bring cattle from Texas to the east coast • Long Drive- cowhands drive cattle from Texas => Kansasto be shipped east • Very profitable • Cattle ate on open range for two years (cost ranchers nothing) • Chisholm Trail was most used by cowhands

22. End of Long Drive Reasons • Price of beef decrease  too much supply • Barbed wire  cut down on food for cattle + can’t pass freely • Winter of 1886-87  froze to death

23. What does this graphic show? What do you think caused this dramatic changed in only 30 years?

24. Wild West Quiz Answer True or False: Don’t Copy Statements 1) Murder was common out West? 2) There were famous outlaws such as John Wesley Hardin and ‘Bandit Queen’ Belle Starr. 3) Gunfights and stagecoach robberies were common place. 4) The Native Americans usually provoked fights with settlers/soldiers? 5) In some places, people formed vigilante groups to protect themselves. 6 Banks were rarely robbed in the Wild West.

25. Movie Clips TOMBSTONE A FISTFUL OF DOLLARS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgxTwmjWYSs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1vsmpGfB9Q

26. Picture A

27. Picture B

28. Picture C

29. Picture D

30. The Real West • Many different people contributed • Mexicanos influenced its culture (cattle industry) • African Americans • Ranching • Served in US army- nicknamed Buffalo Soldier by Native Americans • Chinese built railroads • Legends had Indians attacking soldiers/settlers • Government played big part in taming West • Army removed Natives • Built railroads + gave free land to settlers

31. Warm-Up: Answer question on bottom of page 5 in Notes-Packet. Copy down Assignment(s) in Handbook. Copy Assignments. Schedule • Warm-Up • How to do a DBQ • Complete document questions • Graphic Organizer—fill in Assignment: DBQ graphic organizer + Chapter Quiz Closure: How do we go about completing a DBQ?

32. Warm-Up: Go to page 11 in Notes-Packet, underline outside information, and put in graphic organizer. Copy Assignments. Schedule • Warm-Up • Review graphic organizer • Class Writing  Introduction + Body paragraphs Assignment: Chapter Quiz (complete review sheet) Closure: How do we go about completing a DBQ?

33. Warm-Up: In Notes-Packet, after body paragraphs, write your own conclusion paragraph. Copy Assignment. Schedule • Warm-Up • Pair-Share conclusion • Sample Student Essay Discussion • Review Rubric & last minute questions • Quiz questions Assignment: Study for Quiz Closure: How do we go about completing a DBQ?

34. Warm-Up: QUIZ. Copy Assignments. Schedule • Quiz • Put finished quiz in period bin, grab Native American packet and complete Assignment page 3 questions Assignment: Assignment Page 3 due TOMORROW Closure: How were Native Americans affected by westward expansion?

35. Warm-Up: Notes-Packet pgs. 15-21  answer all questions for each document. Fill in graphic organizer on loose-leaf. Schedule • Warm-Up • Review documents + organizer • Use Native American packet to find 3 pieces of outside information (10-12 minutes) for organizer • Start introduction paragraph Assignment: Introduction Paragraph Closure: How did westward expansion impact Native Americans?

36. Warm-Up: Left side of class (culture), right side of class (land) body paragraph write-up with outside information included. 15 minutes. Schedule • Warm-Up • Collective write-up • Conclusion paragraph Assignment: NONE Closure: How were Native Americans negatively affected by western expansion of the US?

37. 1st Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851ARTICLE 2…the right of the United States Government to establish roads, military and other posts, within their respective (native) territories.ARTICLE 5. The aforesaid Indian nations do hereby recognize and acknowledge the following tracts of country… as their respective territories… (See Map)

40. Sand Creek Massacre While Native Americans were waving white flags to symbolize peace, U.S. troops attacked. As many as 200 Indians, more than half women and children, had been killed and mutilated which pleased many people in the Colorado Territory.  As word of the massacre spread, Indians of the southern and northern plains stiffened in their resolve to resist white encroachment.

41. 2nd Treaty of Fort Laramie: 1868

42. This treaty gave the Black Hills of South Dakota to the Indians. However, when gold was found, whites flooded into the Native Americans’ land. Two Sioux chiefs – Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull joined forces to stop the white invaders. The Battle of Little Bighorn was the last major Native American victory. Crazy Horse surrendered in 1877 and Sitting Bull fled to Canada but was captured and put on a reservation in 1881. Won the battle, lost the war

44. Background on Big Joe! Chief Joseph was the chief of the Nez Perce Indians. When his people were faced with forced removal by the US Government to reservations in Idaho, he peacefully resisted and retreated. He traveled over 1000 miles in 4 months before the US Army caught him!

46. Letter from Parent My Dear Sir, I am asking you a favor to put before Mr. Dickerson and the principal. I would like to have my little Robert…home for the remainder of this term. 1st, on account of the ill-health of Mrs. George; so he can care for the baby when I am not home. 2nd, he is too small, and this only serves as a stumble-block to the school. 3rd, he is not sound in health and would get proper attention at home. If we be grateful our request we would forward his fare from Marysville to Bellingham with those coming home for Christmas. Thanks. Response Letter Tulalipi Indian Agency I am in receipt of your letter of the 14th, instant addressed, to Mr. Garcia concerning your son Robert. Because of some unavoidable delays to our school work during the first part of the school year we are now finding it necessary to shorten our Christmas vacation; consequently, it has been deemed advisable that none of the children be permitted to go home this year at Christmas time. I am sorry that your son won’t be home for Christmas. The doctor informs me that Robert is in good health; and he is getting along nicely in school. Although he is rather small, he gets along very well and I believe that it is the best for the boy that he remains here at school. Very Truly Yours, Superintendent

47. First thing: Cut braids, strip and give new clothes…alter identity.No communication homeNo more Native American languages…ALL ENGLISH

49. Indian Boarding Schools • Goal: assimilation = get them to adopt another culture. (“Americanize”) • Most famous nearby in Carlisle • Famous Alum = Jim Thorpe, Olympian • Motto: “Kill the Indian and Save the Man” • Militaristic . ½ Academic and ½ Manual Labor • Many Indian children died of disease • Overcrowding, new climate, poor diet = tuberculosis, smallpox, measles, homesickness

50. Dawes Act (1887) …any reservation or any part thereof of such Indians is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes, to cause said reservation…to be surveyed, or resurveyed if necessary, and to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty (exclusive individual ownership) to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of a family, one-quarter of a section;To each single person over eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section;To each orphan child under eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; andTo each other single person under eighteen years now living…one-sixteenth of a section: