Virus/Bacteria Study Guide

1. Virus/Bacteria Study Guide

2. Capsid Nucleic Acid Tail Fiber

3. 2. T/F – for each of the following statements answer T/F. If F, fix the sentence so it is true. _____ a. Viruses are classified as living things. _____ b. Bacteria are classified as living things. _____ c. There are 2 Kingdoms for bacteria – Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. _____ d. Antibiotics work on viral infections. F Nonliving T T F Bacterial

4. C 3. For each of the following statements answer either (a) Lytic virus cycle (b) Lysogenic virus cycle or (c) BOTH _____ a. results in lysis of host cell (right away or eventually) _____ b. new virus particles assemble inside the host cell _____ c. viral DNA integrates itself into the host cell DNA _____ d. the host cell copies the viral DNA as it copies its own DNA preparing for cell division _____ e. results in a quick destruction of the host cell and rapid multiplication of the virus in a short period of time A B B A

5. Lytic cycle Lysogenic cycle

6. Human Diseases Caused By a Virus • Flu- Symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, and fever. 2. Herpes- Symptoms include blisters, sores, itching 3. Chicken pox- Symptoms: itchy rash and red spots or blisters

7. 4. How a vaccine works: A vaccine works by strengthening your immune system making antibodies. Infects you with a less dangerous form of the virus preparing your body to fend off a worse form in the future.

8. BACTERIA: 5. MATCH the SIX parts of the prokaryotic cell below: _____ cell wall _____ chromosome _____ flagella _____ pili _____ plasma membrane _____ plasmid B C F E D A

9. 6. Draw and name (common and scientific name) the THREE most common shapes of bacteria: Coccus Bacillus Spirillus Round Rodlike Spiral or helical

10. Bacteria • General Growth Conditions: photoautotrophs – use light to make food chemoautotrophs – need CO2 as carbon source, and get chemical energy from inorganic substances photoheterotrophs – use light to make energy, but need a carbon source to start with chemoheterotrophs– must “eat” other organisms to get food in chemical form

11. Bacteria • Cell Arrangement: Single Cell • Nucleus: No Nucleus • Cell Wall Made of…Peptidoglycan for Eubacteria Not a nucleus No membrane

12. Bacteria • Gram Staining

13. Bacteria • Asexual Reproduction- binary fission (budding) dividing into two with no genetic exchange • Conjugation- sexual reproduction (transferring a plasmid through and extension of a pili • Endospores- When life conditions are not favorable a thick wall of keratin protein forms around the cell wall

14. Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria • Archaebacteria: Ancient Bacteria, prokaryotic (no nucleus), cell wall without peptiduglycan, Domain Archaea • Eubacteria: Common Bacteria, prokaryotic, Cell wall with peptidoglycan, Domain Bacteria

15. Helpful Bacteria • Many do cause disease, but others are symbiotic (E. coli in intestines), help with cycling nutrients (decomposers and carbon cycle) • Many are important in food processing (yogurt, cheese, etc)

16. Harmful Bacteria • Many bacteria are pathogens (cause disease) • Look in next section for examples

17. 3 Human diseases caused by bacteria • Salmonella enterica: causes food poisoning • M. tuberculosis: Infects respiratory system causing problems • Clostridium tetani: toxin paralyses muscles, which is a condition known as tetanus

18. Compare and Contrast • Antibiotics- A medicine taken internally, Kill bacteria by stopping part of their life cycle (only for bacteria) • Antibodies- The bodies way of marking invaders as foreign for destruction by white blood cells. (For Bacteria or Virus) • Antiseptics- Used on surfaces to destroy (bacteria and virus)