The Old South and Slavery 1830-1860

1. The Old South and Slavery 1830-1860

2. Early Emancipation in the North

3. Missouri Compromise, 1820

4. King Cotton

5. King Cotton

6. King Cotton Value of Cotton Exports as a Percentage of all US Exports, 1800–1860

7. King Cotton Growth of Cotton Production and the Slave Population 1790–1860

8. Upper and Lower South Ties: Social, Political, and Economic - Settlement patterns (families) - Constitution (3/5ths clause) - Slavery (trade and social perceptions) - Agriculture

9. Slave Trading Routes and Centers The slave trade between the Upper and Lower South tied the two together

10. Antebellum Southern Society

11. Characteristics of the Antebellum South Primarily agrarian Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South” “Cotton Is King!” * 1860--> 5 million bales a year (57% of total US exports) Very slow development of industrialization Rudimentary financial system Inadequate transportation system

12. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy”[plantation owners] 6,000,000 The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers] Black Freemen 250,000 Black Slaves3,200,000 Total US Population --> 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

13. Southern Population (1860)

14. Small Slaveholders • Small slave holders made up about 88% of all slave owners in the South • Of this 88%, most of them owned fewer than 10 slaves

15. Yeomen Farmers • Non slave holding farmers • Wanted to be self sufficient • Sometimes referred to as “poor white trash” by wealthy planters • Usually used their excess crops to pay for other goods and services

16. Pine Barrens • People of the Pine Barrens • made up about 10% of whites • Used as the example of how slavery was bad for poor whites • Chose to live in the PB and were the REAL PWT 

17. Antebellum Southern Economy

18. Graniteville Textile Company Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first attempt at industrialization in Richmond, VA

19. Southern Agriculture

20. Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi Plantation

21. Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

22. Changes in Cotton Production 1820 1860

23. “Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”William Henry Brown, 1842

24. Slaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823

25. Social Realtions in the White South

26. The White Perspective Conflict and Consensus - Planters vs. Yeomen Farmers - Whigs vs. Democrats - Commercial interests vs. Self Sufficiency

27. The White Perspective Conflict over the Peculiar Institution?

28. The White Perspective Proslavery Argument

29. White Society Honor? Dueling?

30. White Society Evangelicals and Social Values - At first, preachers spoke out against dueling - Eventually, entered into a partnership with the gentry and “softened” their attitudes towards “southern violence”

31. Antebellum Southern Plantation Life

32. Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth? Hollywood’s Version?

33. A Real Georgia Plantation

34. Scarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)

35. A Real Mammie

36. The Southern “Belle”

37. A Slave Family

38. The South's "Peculiar Institution"

39. Slave Auction Notice, 1823

40. Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

41. Slave Accoutrements Slave MasterBrands Slave muzzle

42. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

43. Slave Accoutrements Slave tag, SC Slave leg irons Slave shoes

45. Slavery Slaves off of the Plantations - Some could work in skilled jobs (lumber, saw mill engineers) - More opportunities to learn a skill in the South than in the North (little foreign immigration and no competition for skilled jobs)

46. Slavery Free Blacks in the South

47. Slave Resistance and Uprisings

48. Slave Resistance “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used as a charade in front of whites; the innocent, laughing black man caricature (bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc)

49. Slave Resistance Refusal to work hard Isolated acts of sabotage Escape via the Underground Railroad

50. Runaway Slave Ads