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Scaling Internet Exchange Points: Strategies and Techniques for Effective Route Management

jamar avatar
jamar
36 diapositives · 486 Views · Sep 24, 2014

This workshop focuses on scaling options for Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), introducing key components such as Route Collectors and Route Servers. Participants will learn the features, purposes, and advantages of these tools for managing routing information. The session highlights the significance of the Internet Routing Registry (IRR) for improving routing integrity and simplifying configuration management. Key discussions will cover the benefits of routing scalability, troubleshooting, and best practices for maintaining routing policies in a rapidly evolving internet landscape.

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  1. Scaling IXPs Scalable Infrastructure Workshop

  2. Objectives • To explain scaling options within the IXP • To introduce the Internet Routing Registry at the IXP

  3. IXP Scaling Techniques • Route Collector • Route Server • Internet Routing Registry

  4. Introduction to Route Collectors

  5. Route Collector Background • What is a Route Collector? • Features of a Route Collector • Purpose of a Route Collector • IXP Design with a Route Collector

  6. What is a Route Collector? • Usually a router or Unix box running BGP • Gathers routing information from service provider routers at an IXP • Does not forward packets

  7. Purpose of a Route Collector • To provide a public view of the Routing Information available at the IXP • Useful existing members to check functionality of BGP filters • Useful for prospective members to check value of joining the IXP • Useful for the Internet Operations community for troubleshooting purposes • E.g. www.traceroute.org

  8. Route Collector at an IXP R1 IXP R2 R3 ROUTE Collector

  9. Route Collector Requirements • Router or Unix system running BGP • Peers eBGP with every IXP member • Accepts everything; Gives nothing • Uses a private ASN • Connects to IXP Transit LAN • “Back end” connection • Second Ethernet globally routed • Connection to IXP Website for public access

  10. Route Collector Implementation • Most IXPs now implement some form of Route Collector • Benefits already mentioned • Great public relations tool • Unsophisticated requirements • Just runs BGP

  11. Introduction to Route Servers Route Collector plus more

  12. Route Server Background • What is a Route Server? • Features of a Route Server • Advantages of using a Route Server • Exchange Point Design with a Route Server

  13. What is a Route Server? • All the features of a Route Collector • But also: • Announces routes to participating IXP members according to their routing policy definitions • Implemented using the same specification as for a Route Collector

  14. Features of a Route Server • Helps scale routing • Simplifies Routing Processes on ISP Routers • Insertion of RS Autonomous System Number in the Routing Path • Uses Policy registered in IRR (optional)

  15. Diagram of N-squared Mesh

  16. With the Route Servers

  17. RS based Exchange Point Routing Flow TRAFFIC FLOW ROUTING INFORMATION FLOW

  18. Advantages of Using a Route Server • Helps scale Routing • Separation of Routing and Forwarding • Simplify Routing Configuration Management on ISPs routers • Can help prevent the spread of bogus routing information!

  19. Disadvantages of Using a Route Server • ISPs can lose direct policy control • Peer with all ISPs, want to or not • Completely dependent on 3rd party for configuration and troubleshooting • Insertion of RS Autonomous System Number in the Routing Path • If router is used • IXPs tend to offer Route Servers as an optional extra

  20. Peering with the Route Servers • Any ISP attached to an IXP can peer with the Route Servers • ISP must register their policy in the Internet Routing Registry • Most IXPs who provide the RS facility also provide a local IRR for policy registration • Must use BGP

  21. Things to think about... • Would using a route server benefit you? • Can be helpful when BGP knowledge is limited • Avoids having to maintain a large number of eBGP peers • But can you afford to lose policy control? • Maybe bilateral peering with some peers • And Route Server for remaining peers • ?

  22. Introduction to the IRR The Internet Routing Registry

  23. What is the Routing Registry • Contact names, email addresses and telephone numbers for an AS • Routing policy for an AS (what other ASes does it connect to, which routes do they exchange) • Information about routes (most important is which AS originates the route) • Several other types of information

  24. What is the Routing Registry? • Distributed database collectively known as Internet Routing Registry (IRR) • APNIC, RIPE, ARIN, RADB, etc • http://www.irr.net/docs/list.html • Providers register routing policy • Used for planning, debugging and generating backbone router configs

  25. What is the Routing Registry? • Can be used by anyone worldwide • debugging • configuring • engineering routing • addressing

  26. What happens if I don’t use the IRR • Routing Horror Stories • AS7007 • announcing bogus routes • Inconsistent policy at network borders • Peers and upstreams need physical notification of policy changes • Mistakes easily made

  27. So, I need to use the database because….. • Filters generated off the IRR protect against inaccurate routing information • Makes troubleshooting and debugging easier • Keep track of policy • Security • Filter! Filter! Filter!!

  28. Why Bother using the IRR? • View of global routing policy in a single cooperatively maintained database • To improve integrity of Internet’s routing • Generate router configs • protect against inaccurate routing info distribution • verification of Internet routing • Several providers require that you register your policy (or they won’t peer with you)

  29. Describing Policy • Use the policy languages to describe your relationship with other Peers • routes importing • routes exporting • specific policies • interfaces, MEDs, communities • register routes • with origin AS

  30. whois -h whois.ripe.net AS702 whois -h whois.ripe.net AS1849-MAINT whois -h whois.ripe.net 158.43.0.0 Querying the Database

  31. How to Register your IRR policy • Register one or more maintainers • Register AS and policy information • Register Routes • Describes your import and export policy • At the very least, provides contact information

  32. Router Configuration • Currently configs by hand • Slow and inaccurate • Configuring routers using the IRR • Tools are available!!! • IRRToolSet maintained by ISC • route and Aspath filters. • Import and export • Filtering is a good thing...

  33. Router Configuration IRR Configuration Machine IRR Database Server Router

  34. How do I use the IRR to generate configurations • Tools available to generate config files for most BGP implementations • IRRToolSet • http://www.isc.org/sw/IRRToolSet/ • Started off as RAToolSet as a project of ISI • Moved to RIPE NCC custodianship and became IRRToolSet • Enhanced to support RPSL (RFC2622) • Now maintained by ISC

  35. How do I participate? • Set up your own registry • Private for your ISP? • Community for the region? • Download the software (from ISC) • Use one of the many public IRR systems

  36. Things to think about... • How would you register your policy? • Try to describe it in an aut-num object • How would registering your policy benefit you? The community?