THE FARM

1. THE FARM Presentation by: Karen Membreno

2. THE ANIMALS(click on the animal)

3. HORSE Click on the arrow for more information. NEXT…

4. HORSE Horses are large, strong animals with hoofs and a long mane and tail. People use horses for riding. Horses are also used to carry heavy loads or pull wagons, carriages, plows, or other implements. They are large, fast-running mammals that live in family groups on grasslands. They eat grasses; they are nomadic herbivores. Racehorses can gallop at up to about 42 miles per hour (mph ), (68 kph) in short bursts in order to escape from predators. The horse's life span is about 20-35 years. Horses were first domesticated by people in Asia 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. There are about 200 domesticated (not wild) breeds of horses. The earliest-known horse is the tiny Eohippus (Hyracotherium). Names: An adult female horse is called a mare, the adult male is called a stallion. A foal is a horse not yet one year old; a colt is a young male and a filly is a young female. A gelding is a sterilized male horse. A pony is a small horse, less than 58 inches (146 cm) tall at the shoulder. Horses are closely related to the zebra and donkey. Mules and hinnies are the offspring of donkeys and horses. Anatomy: Horses have hoofed feet. The hooves and teeth continue to grow throughout the horse's life. Horses have a narrow, flowing mane. They have large nostrils that let them get lots of air quickly. Large eyes and ears help the horse detect predators early, allowing it to run away. The heaviest horse is the Belgian (up to 3,150 lb,1400 kg), a draft (working) horse; the tallest is the Percheron (7 ft tall), another draft horse. The lightest and smallest is the Miniature Horse, a type of pony. Sleeping: Horses sleep standing up, but if they feel safe, they will sleep lying down.

5. COW Names: Cows are often called cattle. The adult female is called a cow. The adult male is called a bull. A baby is called a calf. Cattle are farm animals with thick skin and hoofed feet. Cattle were domesticated (tamed from wild animals) thousands of years ago. They are farmed for their milk, meat, hides (leather), and many other products, like cheese, cream, gelatin, glue, soap, and many other products. In some parts of the world, cattle are still used to pull plows and carts. There are still some wild cattle (like the gaur and banteng) living in Asia. Anatomy: Cattle vary in color from white, black, brown to tan. Milk is produced in the female's udders. Cattle use their long tail to keep insects off their back. Some cattle have horns, others do not. Diet: Cattle are herbivores (plant-eater) that graze on grass and leaves. They are ruminants, animals that have a four-part stomach. Cattle swallow their food without chewing it very much. They later regurgitate a cud and chew it well, later swallowing it.

6. PIG Pigs are very adaptable animals that eat many different foods and live in a variety of environments. Pigs were domesticated (tamed from wild animals) thousands of years ago. They are farmed for their meat and hides (leather). There are still many wild pigs, like the wild boar, the warthog, and the bushpig. Pigs are found on every continent on Earth except Antarctica. Names: Pigs are also called hogs or swine. The adult female is called a sow. The adult male is called a boar. A baby is called a piglet. Anatomy: Pigs vary in color from brown, black, white, to pinkish. Some wild pigs have large tusks, overgrown teeth used for fighting and digging for food. Diet: Pigs are omnivores (eating plants and meat). They eat a variety of plants and small animals (like worms and snakes).

7. SHEEP Sheep are mammals with thick, woolly fur, and hoofed feet. Sheep were domesticated (bred to be tame) about 10,000 years ago. Domestic (tame) sheep are farmed for their wool, meat and milk. There are also many types of wild sheep; they are closely related to wild goats. In 1997, a sheep named "Dolly" was the first animal cloned (grown from a cell from another adult animal, making a genetically exact copy of the original animal). Names: An adult female sheep is called an ewe; an adult male is called a ram. Babies are called lambs. Anatomy: Sheep range from about 2 to 4 ft (0.6 to 1.3 m) tall at the shoulder. Some types of sheep have horns, which are often curved. The horns grow throughout the life of the sheep. Diet: Sheep are herbivores (plant-eater) that graze on grass, leaves, twigs, and young plants.

8. Donkeys are large, hoofed mammals that live in family groups on grasslands. Also called asses, these pack animals eat grasses, shrubs, and other desert plants; they are nomadic herbivores. Donkeys live for about 30 to 50 years in captivity, and about 10 to 25 years in the wild. They have a loud, distinctive braying voice that sounds like "hee-haw." Names: An adult female donkey is called a jenny or jennet, the adult male is called a jack. A jack foal is a young male and a jennet foal is a young female. The donkey is closely related to the zebra and the horse. Mules and hinnies (usually infertile) are the offspring of donkeys and horses. Anatomy: Donkeys have tough hooves on their feet; they are tougher than horse hooves and do not need to be shod (fitted with shoes). The hooves and teeth continue to grow throughout the donkey's life. Donkeys have long, coarse fur. The donkey's brain, eyes, and ears are larger than those of horses. Donkeys range in size from 38 to 63 inches (97-160 cm) tall at the shoulder. DONKEY

9. BIRDS Baby chick: cute, furry, and it’s born from an egg.

10. BIRDS ROOSTER: father to the baby chick. It is usually the alarm clock at the farm as it awakes all others with his cock-o-doodle-doo song. The crest above his head and under his chin distinguishes him from the hen.

11. BIRDS HEN: Mother to the baby chick. The hen lays the egg.

12. BIRDS Ducks are common water birds. Most domestic (farm) ducks were bred from mallards. The adult female duck is called a hen, the adult male is called a drake, and the young are called ducklings. Breeds: The Pekin Duck is a common farm duck. The ducklings are bright yellow; adults are white. They were brought to America from China in the 1870's. Another popular farm duck is the Rouen duck, which was originally from France; this duck still has mallard-like coloring. The Muscovy is another popular farm duck; this American breed has dark feathers. Diet: Ducks have a varied diet. They eat insects, worms, frogs, snails, slugs, small shellfish, grasses, and other plants.

13. DOG The Border Collie is a hard-working, herding dog that was originally from the British Isles. It is an intelligent and fast-moving farm dog. This energetic and dedicated collie efficiently rounds up sheep for farmers. Although the border collie, like all dogs, is a descendant of the wolf (which is a natural predator of sheep), the border collie does not attack the sheep. Anatomy: The Border Collie Dog is a medium-sized dog, usually black and white, sometimes with tan markings. It is almost 2 ft (60 cm) tall at the shoulders.

14. CAT Cats are small, tame, furry mammals that are often kept as pets and farm animals. There are over 30 different breeds of tame cats, with different body shapes and sizes, coloring, fur length, eye color, tail length, voice, and temperament. House cats do not enjoy swimming. Cats were domesticated over 7,000 years ago. Diet: Even tame cats are fast, effective hunters. They are carnivores (meat-eaters). Cats will kill and eat small mammals, birds, fish, frogs, lizards, and snakes. On farms, cats help reduce the vermin population (rats, mice, and other small, destructive animals). Cats use their acute sight and hearing to catch prey. They swallow large bites of meat without chewing it. Cats are primarily nocturnal (most active at night). They have very good night vision. Anatomy: Cats are graceful animals that have a rounded face. They have a sand-papery tongue and needle-like teeth. Their skeleton is extremely flexible.

15. RABBIT Rabbits are fast-moving, big-eared mammals. There are about 25 different species of rabbits. They live in a variety of environments, including deserts, swamps, marshes, forests, grasslands, and prairies. Rabbits are found on every continent except Antarctica. Most rabbits live for about a year in the wild. They are hunted by dogs, foxes, raccoons, weasels, bobcats, lynxes, hawks, and eagles. They have a fast reproductive rate. Anatomy: Rabbits range in size from 1 to 2 feet (30 to 60 cm) long. They have very big and powerful hind legs which they use for hopping and for digging burrows. Diet: Rabbits are herbivores (plant-eaters). They eat grass, leaves, bark, and twigs.

16. GOAT GOAT: The Goat is a hoofed mammal that lives in mountainous regions of southwestern Asia, northwestern North America, and Europe. The female goat is called a nanny or a doe, the male is called a buck or a billy, and the young are called kids. Goats are closely related to sheep. Goats were domesticated (tamed) at least 10,000 years ago in Iran. Goats are bred for their meat, wool, and milk. Goats have a life span of 9 to 12 years in the wild. Anatomy: Goats are sure-footed animals who have a rough pad on the bottom of their two-toed hooves. They have a long, thick, furry coat that protects them from the cold. Goats range from about 17 to 42 inches (43 to 107 cm) tall at the shoulder. Both male and female wild goats have beards and pointed black horns.