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International Harmonization of Intelligent Transport Systems for Enhanced Road Safety

The presentation discusses the safety risks associated with In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) under the framework of the International Harmonized Research Agenda (IHRA). It emphasizes the critical role of governments in promoting technologies that enhance road safety while managing challenges posed by distraction and overload. With 94% of transportation-related fatalities occurring on roads, innovative strategies and international cooperation are vital in reducing accidents and improving overall road safety. Key themes include human error, technology integration, and the evaluation of ITS impacts.

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International Harmonization of Intelligent Transport Systems for Enhanced Road Safety

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  1. Harmonized Research on ITS UNECE ITC: ITS RoundtableGeneva Feb 18, 2004 Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Director, Standards Research and Development Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada TransportCanada

  2. Outline • The safety risks of in-vehicle ITS • Governments’ role and challenges • International Harmonized Research Agenda • IHRA and WP.29 liaison

  3. Of all transportation-related fatalities, 94% are on the road Road Air Marine Rail WHO estimates 1,171,000 deaths annually costing $2,342,000,000,000

  4. Focus on Human Error (Treatet al.1977)

  5. Positioning & tracking Transportation objectives Digital maps • Reduce congestion • Improve safety • Increase efficiency • Improve comfort • Improve transit services • Reduce fuel consumption • Reduce emissions Telecommunications Microprocessors Image processors Information databases Traffic management Traffic monitoring Smart cards Automated aids Intelligent Transport Systems

  6. Intelligent Automobiles • In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) - compete with driving task: • telecommunications and infotainment systems (e.g., e-mail, Internet access), navigation systems • Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)- support driving task: • collision warning systems, adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, lane change aids, and parking aids.

  7. + Driving Task ITS Collisions - ITS Safety, or IS IT? • ITS technology is safety neutral - Its implementation is safety critical • Safety impact depends largely on the extent to which the system supports users’ needs, and is compatible with human capabilities and limitations

  8. Government’s Role • Encourage technologies that are likely to have safety benefits • Discourage technologies that are likely to have an adverse effect on safety

  9. Direct Safety Risks - IVIS • Driver distraction • Driver overload • Driver confusion

  10. Distraction 23% Obstructed Vision 5% Excessive Inattention Speed 6% 19% Roadway Surface 6% Drunk Misjudged gap/velocity 10% 8% Human Causes of Crashes (NHTSA, 1995)  Errors of Situation Awareness43% 

  11. I was distracted for a moment. Go on Driver Distractions • Visual (eyes off road) • Manual (hands off wheel) • Cognitive (mind off driving) • Auditory (sounds)

  12. Sources of Distraction • Wireless communication (cell phones) • Navigation system destination entry • Map and other complex visual displays • In-vehicle office tasks (e-mail, PDA, Internet) • Infotainment (location-based services, DVD) • Warnings from driver assistance systems • Multifunction displays and controls

  13. Levels of Driver Assistance • Information • Warning • Active controls (e.g., gas pedal) • Partial control of vehicle functions (steering, stop&go) • Complete control of vehicle (AHS)

  14. Direct Safety Risks - ADAS • Driver distraction • Driver overload • Driver confusion • False or nuisance alarms • Command effect

  15. Rationalizing Automation • Each level has unique safety issues • Each level must coexist with other levels • Progression from one level to next is not incremental– it represents a radical change to the driving task

  16. Indirect Safety Risks • Behavioural adaptation • Increased exposure • Loss of skill & negative transfer • Violation of expectation (by non-users) • Collision migration (MV to SV, to other users, etc.)

  17. ITS Safety Research Programs • Europe • EC FP5: HASTE • EC FP6: eSafety, AIDE, PReVENT, HUMANIST • France, UK, Germany (ADAM), Netherlands • North America • CAMP, IVI, SAVE-IT • Japan • ASV • Australia

  18. Key Challenges for Government • Traditional policy paradigms not suitable: • Design cycle shorter than policy cycle • Technology is diversifying rapidly • Behavioural science lags technology • Integration by consumer, not industry • Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid

  19. Need for New Paradigm • Driver-system integration must be an integral part of motor transport system development.This has implications for: • System design • Regulatory policy

  20. the Netherlands Poland Sweden U.K. U.S.A. EC EEVC Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):International Harmonized Research Activities • Australia • Canada • France • Germany • Hungary • Italy • Japan

  21. ESV: IHRA Working Groups • Active safety • Intelligent Transport Systems • Passive safety • Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection • Pedestrian Safety • Biomechanics • Vehicle Compatibility • Side Impact

  22. IHRA-ITS : Objectives • to coordinate international policy-oriented research to minimize the potential adverse consequences of on-board ITS technologies. • to develop procedures for the evaluation of safety of in-vehicle information, control and communication systems. • to provide an international view of the state of research into understanding the safety impact of driver workload and distraction.

  23. Aspects of System Safety • System Reliability • Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or unanticipated safety mode. • Human Machine Interaction (HMI) • Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface, definition of dialogue between the user and the system. • Overall Traffic System • The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.

  24. Summary of Activities • Conceptual Framework • Workshops • Survey of current research • Priority Projects

  25. IHRA ITS Priority Projects • Development of a harmonized safety evaluation methodology framework • Driver understanding and expectation of ITS systems • Human factors principles checklist • Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior • Simulator reference test scenarios • Improved secondary task methodology for evaluating safety effects of driver workload • Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety measures

  26. Importance of ITS Safety Research • Elaborates the role of governments with respect to ITS safety • ITS safety is currently unregulated; therefore, there is a reasonable prospect for harmonized policies based on shared scientific understanding of the issues

  27. IHRA-WP.29 Liaison • IHRA research focus • Summarize state of knowledge • Coordinate joint research • Develop test procedures • WP.29 regulatory focus • Identify regulatory needs and priorities. • IHRA could coordinate the regulatory development research needed to support WP.29 work program

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