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From Gothic to Renaissance : The Fourteenth Century in Italy

From Gothic to Renaissance : The Fourteenth Century in Italy. Chapter 19 Gardner’s 11th edition. City-States. Economic advantages Trade Capitalism Industrial production Catholic Church Political situation Somewhat unstable Some were despotic Republics tended to be oligarchies.

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From Gothic to Renaissance : The Fourteenth Century in Italy

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  1. From Gothic to Renaissance :The Fourteenth Century in Italy Chapter 19 Gardner’s 11th edition

  2. City-States • Economic advantages • Trade • Capitalism • Industrial production • Catholic Church • Political situation • Somewhat unstable • Some were despotic • Republics tended to be oligarchies

  3. Disruption and Change • The Black Death • Stimulated religious bequests • Encouraged commissioning of devotional images • Increasing hospital construction • The Great Schism • Religious questioning began

  4. Humanism • A Code of Civil Conduct • Self-sacrificing service to state • Participation in government • Defense of state institutions especially justice • A Theory of Education • Study the classics • Study great people • A scholarly discipline • Petrarch and Boccoccio

  5. Italian Art • Influenced by Byzantine style art • Wall painting and painting on wood panels becomes popular • Altarpieces - on main alters and secondary altars in cathedrals, in parish churches and private chapels • Italo-Byzantine style, maniera greca shown in St. Francis Altarpiece by Berlinghieri

  6. St. Francis Altarpiece - 1235by Bonaventura Berlinghieri

  7. Pulpit of the Pisa Cathedral baptistery Nicola Pisano1259 -1260

  8. The Annunciation and the NativityNicola Pisano 1259-1260

  9. The Annunciation and the Nativity Giovanni Pisano 1297-1301

  10. Nicola Pisano Shows much classical influence Deeply cut Full-bodied Heavy, placid, faces Calm, static figures Focus is on Mary Giovanni Pisano Arranged loosely and dynamically Activeness emphasized by space Mary shrinks from Gabriel with alarm and humility People seem nervous, emotional Nicola vs. Giovanni

  11. Seated Apostles from the Last Judgment - Pierre Cavallini

  12. Leading towards the Renaissance • Two very important changes in sculpture and art • A new contact with classical antiques • A new adaptation to Gothic naturalism

  13. Florence • Independent • Severed bonds with the church, kings, and feudal lords • A champion of the genius of the Roman republic • Saw itself as a defender off popular liberty

  14. Siena vs. Florence • Two important schools of Italian Gothic painting emerge • The rivalry that already existed is continued through art • Siena’s foremost painter is Duccio Buoninsegna • Florence’s foremost painter is Giotto di Bondone

  15. Painting in Florence

  16. Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets Cimabue1280-1290

  17. Giotto di Bondone • Considered Father of Western pictorial art • Synthesized various styles but his true teacher was nature - the world of visible things • Returned to naturalistic approach of the ancients • Visual world must be observed to be understood & analyzed • Giotto reveals nature in the process of observing it

  18. Madonna EnthronedGiotto di Bondone1310

  19. Arena Chapel - Padua Giotto 1305-6 • Intended for private use of Scrovegni family • 38 scenes - Life of Christ and the Virgin • Lives of Virgin and parents (top) • Life and mission of Christ (middle) • Passion, Crucifixion, and Resurrection (bottom) • Vices and Virtues (base) • Grisaille

  20. The Last JudgmentGiotto 1305-6 • Ceiling is blue with gold stars and medallions bearing the images of Christ, Mary, and various prophets • Blue in background of panels ties it together • Complex narrative • Great use of color • Conveys a sense of depth

  21. The LamentationGiotto 1305-6

  22. The Meeting of Joachim and Anna Giotto - 1305

  23. Giotto • Dramatic narrative used by Franciscans to educate the faithful • He created a dramatic narrative and holy lesson that was a truthful demonstration of human experience

  24. Death of St. Francis - Santa Croce Giotto - 1320

  25. Meeting of Joachim and AnnaTaddeo Gaddi - 1338

  26. Cappella Baroncelli, Santa CroceTaddeo Gaddi1328-1338

  27. Florence Cathedral Arnolfo di Cambio and others begun 1296

  28. Florence Cathedral Arnolfo di Cambio and others begun 1296

  29. Nave of Florence Cathedral begun 1296

  30. Nave of Santa Maria Novella 1246-1470

  31. Or San Michele tabernacleAndrea Orcagna begun 1349Madonna and Child with SaintsBernado Daddi 1346-1347

  32. Madonna and Child with SaintsBernardo Daddi 1346-7

  33. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saintsfrom the Maesta altarpieceDuccio di Buoninsegna 1308-1311

  34. Byzantine Formality Symmetry Figures Facial types Northern Gothic Figures turned to converse with each other Body outlines are softened Drapery is softer 4 saints in front especially not stiff Features of the Maesta Altarpiece

  35. Back of La Maesta

  36. Betrayal of JesusDuccio di Buoninsegna 1309-1344

  37. AnnunciationSimone Martini - 1333

  38. “Hail, favored one. The Lord is with you.”

  39. Symbolism • Gabriel holding olive branch and scepter • Emblems of triumph and peace • Mary’s throne-like seat • Allusion to future as Queen of Heavens • Vase with white lilies • Symbol of purity

  40. Martini’s style • Mary’s face is Byzantine style • Elegance of body and clothing are Italian Gothic • Martini went to France - became head of papal court at Avignon • Sienese and French Gothic develops into International Gothic at turn of century

  41. The Birth of the VirginPietro Lorenzetti - 1342

  42. Palazzo Pubblico 1288-1309

  43. Ambrogio LorenzettiPeaceful City 1338-1339

  44. Peaceful CountryAmbrogio Lorenzetti 1338-1339

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