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The RENAISSANCE:

The RENAISSANCE:. A Rebirth of Art, Learning, and the Human Spirit. Medieval Art is supposed to teach people how to get to heaven. Religious themes and ideas are more important than “realistic” perspectives. WHY?.

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The RENAISSANCE:

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  1. The RENAISSANCE: A Rebirth of Art, Learning, and the Human Spirit

  2. Medieval Art is supposed to teach people how to get to heaven. Religious themes and ideas are more important than “realistic” perspectives. WHY? Duccio di BuoninsegnaThe Nativity with the Prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel, 1308/1311Andrew W. Mellon Collection

  3. Okay…so…like…What does the word “Renaissance” actually mean again? Well, it comes from Latin: renasci which means, “be born again." You know -- re means "again" and nasci "be born.“

  4. Right! Renaissance means “rebirth.” Speaking of birth, this painting is called “Birth of Venus” and it was made by Sandro Botticelli in about 1484. HELL-O!! This painting is all about me, remember, Venus, Roman goddess of love? The Greeks called me Aphrodite? Do I have to paint you a picture?

  5. Okay, but you’re…NAKED! Why don’t you put some clothes on?! You’re making me blush! That’s not how we roll in the Renaissance. Just like the Greeks and Romans, we believe that the human body is beautiful. Celebrating the body gives honor to God since human beings are God’s greatest creation.

  6. But in the Middle Ages, no one was ever painted (GASP) naked! That’s because in the Middle Ages, the Church taught that human beings were sinful and worthless compared to God. But this is the Renaissance, baby! Plus, all the Greek and Roman statues showed the beauty in the human form and we’re inspired by all things Hellenic!

  7. So you mean that while God and the Church were all important in the Middle Ages, Human Beings themselves were the focus of the Renaissance? Exactly. That’s why the philosophy in the Renaissance is called Humanism.

  8. You know, sometimes people call this painting “Venus on the Half-Shell.” I think those people are poopieheads.

  9. Renaissance: Rebirth of Art, Learning, and the Human Spirit (Learning Companion) Question 1 Why does so much Medieval art focus on religious themes?How does this change in the Renaissance?

  10. In the Renaissance, the focus shifts from religious themes to human activity and the world itself. Where medieval ideas focused on the Creator (God), the Renaissance looks at the creation (human beings and their world). Thou shalt not pull my finger. Michelangelo BuonarotiThe The Creation of Adam, c. 1511Sistine Chapel, Vatican City

  11. Proportional, realistic, life-like Perspective, shadowing, depth Individual identity, emotion Bright colors, oil paints Religious subjects (but with emphasis on the human element) “Celebrities” and the wealthy Daily Life Mythology and return to Hellenistic themes Renaissance Art Raphael, c. 1510 School of Athens, Apostolic Palace, Vatican City

  12. What a piece of work is a man! how noble in reason! How infinite In faculty! In form and moving how express and admirable! In action how like an angel! In apprehension how like a god! The beauty of the world! The paragon of animals! Human Beings are seen in a new light, as the greatest of God’s creations. Humans began to measure the importance of an idea by weighing its importance to humans. Renaissance humans believed that they had the ability to understand the universe. THIS IS HUMANISM! Consider this quote from Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Leonardo DaVinci Vitruvian Man, c. 1487Gallerie dell‘ Accademia, Venice

  13. Leonardo DaVinci’s famous picture provides the perfect example of the Renaissance ideal of relating human beings to the natural world. Leonardo believed the workings of the human body to be a small scale model (microcosm) of the workings of the universe (macrocosm). Leonardo DaVinci Vitruvian Man, c. 1487Gallerie dell‘ Accademia, Venice

  14. Hello. I’m Madonna Elisabetta Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. At least that’s what most people believe. No one is completely sure about exactly who I am. If you want some very wacky theories, check out the novel, the Da Vinci Code. Anyhoo…

  15. You probably know me better as the Mona Lisa. Although the details about who I am and why Leonardo Da Vinci painted my portrait in 1504 are a little mysterious…

  16. …one thing I know is that I am the most famous painting in the world.

  17. I have inspired other artists…

  18. …a few jokers…

  19. …more than a few cows…

  20. …and some stuff that’s just creepy.

  21. Maybe I’m so famous because you can learn so much about the Renaissance by studying my picture and Leonardo, the genius who created it.

  22. Take a look at my picture.

  23. Am I a goddess or a religious hero from the Bible?

  24. I’m an ordinary human being, so why bother painting my picture?

  25. First, Leonardo painted my because he was paid to. That’s right. I said it. The dude was trying to earn a little cash. Is that a crime? But the fact that people could pay for pictures of themselves and their loved ones…that’s the interesting thing. I’ll let Lorenzo talk about that.

  26. I am Lorenzo De Medici, one of the wealthiest men in Florence. During the Renaissance many wealthy people paid artists to complete work for them. I was the wealthiest, the most powerful, and the most important so I paid for a lot.

  27. Remember that in the Middle Ages, there was very little social mobility. If you were born a serf, you would likely die a serf. If you were male and you wanted something else, maybe you could become a priest or a monk or a squire apprenticed to a knight. For females, there were even fewer options unless you liked kitchen work.

  28. Because of Italy’s perfect location along key trade routes between Europe and Asia, many Italians like me made a fortune as merchants and traders. Our wealth broke the system of Feudalism because we could pay to live like kings with all the benefits and privileges of wealth. ITALIA

  29. What better way for rich guys like me to show off our wealth and power than to pay for artwork that immortalized ourselves and our families.

  30. We also liked to pay for flashy, public, works of art to really show people what we were capable of. In modern times, corporations pay to have things like football stadiums named after them for the same reason, but in the humanistic Renaissance, we wanted to show what human beings could do.

  31. Let me show you the rest of my tomb. I paid the famous artist Michelangelo to make it for me. The tomb looks very classical, right? Very Roman? That’s because of the Hellenistic influence. Also, in the Renaissance many Italians tried to regain our glorious past when Rome ruled the world.

  32. Notice the nude figures down in front? Why are they nude? What aspect of the Renaissance does their lack of clothing represent? Now look at me? How would you describe my body language? What do I appear to be doing? What aspects of the Renaissance does my body language suggest?

  33. Renaissance: Rebirth of Art, Learning, and the Human Spirit (Learning Companion) Question 2 What are some of the factors that led to the Renaissance in Italy? How are these factors reflected in the art of the Renaissance?

  34. So you see that there was an emphasis on looking at Roman and Hellenistic art and ideas that existed before the middle ages as well as putting an increased focus on human beings. Even artwork with religious themes still deal with the human element. Michelangelo will explain…

  35. This sculpture shows a scene that was very important to Christianity: the Crucifixion of Jesus. But notice that I show the human side of the story: a mother holding her dead son.

  36. The figures show the detail of the human form. Veins on the hands, every muscle and joint is shown because I am emphasizing the beauty and wonder of the of the human body.

  37. In my most famous sculpture, David, I show a figure from the Bible, but I emphasize the beauty of the human form. I show every detail because I am very interested in the human body as a complex and magnificent machine. Is it cold in here, or is it just me?

  38. I studied human anatomy by sneaking into graveyards and morgues and cutting up dead bodies. The Church frowned on this, but by using the science of anatomy I was able to include realistic details of human figure which I then put into my artwork in heroically, larger- than- life figures.

  39. The Church was still very powerful and we still want to give glory to God, just as we did in the Middle Ages, but now we want to show that the best way to give glory to God was by honoring God’s greatest work: Human Beings. This idea is called Humanism. Okay so I know that my human body is beautiful, but seriously, can I get like a sweater or something?

  40. Thank you.

  41. Remember me? When Leonardo painted me, an ordinary human just sitting, he showed that the standard was changing. Human beings were starting to look at themselves. That’s what Humanism was all about.

  42. Humanism was a new outlook toward the purpose of human life – we weren’t worthless worms in the service of God and the Feudal lords anymore.

  43. People understood that it was possible to improve one’s condition through learning. Again we embraced the Epicurean idea that we should pursue human pleasures and happiness in order to be fully human. Those beautiful human bodies were a celebration of the idea that a human being, everyone from the mightiest King to the lowliest ragamuffin, has human dignity and was valuable. An idea that is still held in the twenty-first century.

  44. Since human beings were all valuable, human pursuits were also valuable. We didn’t have to scrape by on farming and prayer. In the Middle Ages, anything that was not directly related to the Church or to survival was neglected, but in the Renaissance, schools sprung up again where people could learn History, Philosophy, Mathematics, Art, Music, Latin and Greek.

  45. The “Renaissance Man” Well-rounded education. Artists were scientists, writers were musicians, politicians were poets, etc. Strived for excellence in art, architecture, poetry, music, politics, horse riding, athletics, fencing, foreign language How does this relate to HUMANISM?

  46. How do schools today reflect the ideals of the Renaissance?

  47. Renaissance: Rebirth of Art, Learning, and the Human Spirit (Learning Companion) Question 3 How does the ideal of the “Renaissance Man” striving for excellence in art, music, science, mathematics, architecture, literature, etc. reflect the values of Humanism? Do schools today reflect the values of Humanism? Why or why not?

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