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Hematologic System

Hematologic System. Chapter 15. Definition. Hematologic System: encompasses the production of blood and the transport of blood throughout the body. Fxns of Blood. Blood supplies body tissues with Oxygen Nutrients And various chemicals Blood Transports

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Hematologic System

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  1. Hematologic System Chapter 15

  2. Definition • Hematologic System: encompasses the production of blood and the transport of blood throughout the body.

  3. Fxns of Blood • Blood supplies body tissues with • Oxygen • Nutrients • And various chemicals • Blood Transports • Waste products to organs for removal • Blood also • Plays role in endocrine and immune system

  4. Structures of Blood • Blood is formed in the bone marrow • Hematopoiesis • To identify components • Draw blood: remove • Add anticoagulant: keeps from clotting • EDTA, heparin • Liquid portion • Serum • Plasma • Clotting proteins • Fats • Formed Elements • Erythrocytes • Reticulocyte • Macrophage • Leukocyte • Clotting Cells • Thromocyte

  5. Test me: Blood • Blood Smear • Blood specimen on microscope slide • Bone Marrow biopsy

  6. Pathology: Hematologic System • Anemia • Less than normal levels of red blood cells • Edema • Accumulation of fluid in the intercelluar space • Hemorrhage • Loss of blood (in a short period of time) • Leukemia • Elevation in the number of maligant white blood cells

  7. Lymphatic System • Fxns • Part of the immune system • Returns excess lymph to the blood • Absorbs fats and fat soluble vitamins

  8. Lymphatic Structures • Lymph Fluid • Interstitial fluid • Baths and nourishes cells between organ • Lymph • Formed when interstitial fluid moves into capillaries • Brings nutrients and hormones to cells and carries waste away • Always goes towards the thoracic cavity • Lymph Vessels • Similar to veins (have valves to prevent back flow) • Lymph Nodes • Bean shaped structures • Filter Lymph (waste products etc) to remove viruses • Cells are destroyed here by B and T cells • Located throughout the body

  9. Lymphatic Structures continued • Tonsils • Masses of lymphatic tissue • Protect nose and cranial (upper) throat portions • Described according to location • Spleen • Located in the cranial abdomen • Filters material from the blood • Stores red blood cells • Maintains balance of cells and plasma in the blood • Thymus • Immune fxn • Develops T cells

  10. Immune System • Fxn • Protects the body from harmful substances • Encompasses many structures throughout the body • Specialized Cells • Lymphocyte (T and B) • White blood cell, involved in response works against antigens • Located in: spleen, thymus, bone marrow • T Lymphocytes: circulate, produced in bone marrow, Kills organisms on contact • Plasma cell / Plasmocytes • Produces and secretes specific antibody for specific antigen (foreign material)

  11. Immune Response Overview

  12. Pathology : Immune/Lymphatic • Allergy • Overreaction by the body to a particular anitgen • Anaphylazis • Severe response to a foreign substance • Autoimmune Disease • Body makes antibodies directed toward itself • Immunosuppression • Reduction or decrease in the state of resistance (more likely to get sick)

  13. Oncology • Study of tumors • Malignant: cancerous • Metastasis: pathogenic growth in different sites of body • Benign: non- cancerous • Tumor=neoplasm: abnormal rapid growth of cells • Tumors described by appearance • Pedunculated: stalk bearing • Well-circumscribed: defined boarders • Invasive: spreading without boarders

  14. Oncology • Procedures: • Chemotherapy • Radiation Therapy • Surgical excision • Pathology • Blastoma: neoplasm of undifferentiated cells • Lymphoma: neoplasm composed of lymphoid tissue • Melanoma: neoplasm of melanin-pigmented cells • Osteosarcoma: malignant neoplasm composed of bone

  15. Activities Chapter 15 • Explanation of blood structures and elements Fig15-1 • Diagram of lymph nodes (location) and what they are responsible for Fig 15-9 • Pictorial representation of immune system response • Define terminology used when discussing the immune system pg 323

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