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Chapter 34 Animal Behavior

Chapter 34 Animal Behavior. What is behavior?. Response to an environmental stimulus Response = a single, specific reaction to a stimulus Stimulus = any kind of signal that carries information and can be detected

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Chapter 34 Animal Behavior

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  1. Chapter 34Animal Behavior

  2. What is behavior? • Response to an environmental stimulus • Response = a single, specific reaction to a stimulus • Stimulus = any kind of signal that carries information and can be detected • Individuals with behaviors that make them more successful at surviving & reproducing will produce more offspring

  3. (Organisms respond to a stimulus due to interaction of sense organs, nervous system, endocrine system, and muscles)

  4. Innate behavior • Inherited, controlled by genes • 1) Reflexes: • Short & quick, with no conscious control • Serves a protective function

  5. 2) Instinct: Longer, complex pattern of behaviors (may have several parts & take weeks to complete)

  6. Learning • Not controlled by genes, can be changed through practice or experience • How might this be of survival value? (This… …not this!)

  7. 1) Habituation • Learning to “ignore” a repetitive stimulus that neither harms nor rewards the organism

  8. 2) Conditioning (associative) • A) operant (trial & error) • Begins with a random behavior • “Skinner” boxes

  9. B) Classical (stimulus  reward or punishment) Pavlov’s dogs

  10. 4) Insight • An animal uses previous experience to respond to a new situation • Chimps finding ways to use tools to get the banana

  11. Instinct & Learning Combined • Imprinting • An animal forms a social attachment (innate drive) to another organism (not just Mom) soon after birth (learn from experience) • Konrad Lorenz’ geese

  12. 5) Behavioral Cycles • Many animals respond to periodic changes in the environment with daily or seasonal cycles of behavior • A) Migration • B) Hibernation • C) Circadian rhythms – daily patterns

  13. 6) Courtship • Part of an overall reproductive strategy that helps many animals identify healthy mates

  14. 7) Social Behavior • A group of related animals of the same species that interact closely and often cooperate with one another • (Helping a relative survive increases the chances that the genes will be passed along)

  15. 8) Competition • Some animals have behaviors that help prevent others from using limited resources • A. Territoriality • B. Aggression

  16. 5) Communication (bee dance discovered by Carl von Frisch)

  17. a) Chemical • Pheromones • Hormones secreted by organisms that are recognized by others of the species

  18. b) Visual • Using “displays” to communicate without language • Baring teeth, etc.

  19. c) Auditory • Using sounds or songs to mark territory, etc. • Whale’s song

  20. d) Language • Using symbols to represent ideas (primarily in animals with complex nervous systems, memory & insight)

  21. Questions?

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