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MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS. They are cumulative (occur over time and not a result of a single incident):. Often occur when the physical demands of work cause wear and tear Involve soft tissues such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, nerves, blood vessels.

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MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

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  1. MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

  2. They are cumulative (occur over time and not a result of a single incident): • Often occur when the physical demands of work cause wear and tear • Involve soft tissues such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, nerves, blood vessels Work-related musculoskeletal disorders

  3. They are not acute injuries such as: • Broken bones • Cuts • Slips • Falls • Trips • Motor vehicle accidents • Being struck by or caught with objects Work-related musculoskeletal disorders

  4. Work operations are necessary in many industries such as welding, construction, manufacturing, maintenance, etc. • Welding has several hazardous conditions for women and men in these jobs. Hazards

  5. Worked-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) hazards such as: • awkward body postures, • lifting heavy equipment or materials, • static postures for prolonged periods, • awkward postures of the wrist, etc. WMSD Hazards

  6. Back injuries • Shoulder pain/loss of range of motion • Tendinitis/Bursitis • Reduced muscle strength • White finger • Carpal tunnel syndrome • Knee joint diseases Common disorders

  7. WA State-funded compensable claims 1994-2004Welders, Cutters, Solderers By Nature of Injury Sprains account for more than 1/3 of the compensable claims among welders in the State of Washington. Some of those could be caused by hazardous WMSD exposures.

  8. Rigorous manual precision requirements • High degree of uniformity • Awkward and static postures • Difficult work position • Heavy lifting, difficult material handling • Heavy objects, heavy welding equipment • Repetition • High work intensity OFTEN, MORE THAN 1 RISK FACTOR IS PRESENT WMDS hazards most common in work

  9. Hazard ElementsDuration (how long?)Frequency (how often?) Intensity (how hard?)

  10. Working in front Working at ground level Working above the shoulders Working at ground level, precision work Working at ground level, confined space Working above shoulders, confined space Common postures adopted in welding ‡From: Torner et al, 1991

  11. Severe torso flexion • Torso twisting • Kneeling, squatting • Bent wrists • Neck flexion/extension • Shoulder flexion/abduction (separation) Awkward postures in work

  12. POSTUR DUDUK

  13. MANUAL HANDLING

  14. HAZARD ERGONOMI & BIOLOGI

  15. Hazard human error

  16. MUSCULOSKELETAL DISSORDERS Repetition of work High Risk Repetition Rates by Different Body Parts Body Part Repetitions Per Minute ShoulderMore than 2½ Upper Arm/ElbowMore than 10 Forearm/WristMore than 10 Finger More than 200 From Kilbom Å [1994]. Repetitive work of the upper extremity; Part II: The scientific basis for the guide. Int J Ind Erg 14:59–86.

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