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Unit 18 The Sixties: Coming Apart Introduction

Unit 18 The Sixties: Coming Apart Introduction.

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Unit 18 The Sixties: Coming Apart Introduction

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  1. Unit 18The Sixties: Coming ApartIntroduction The 1960s have become synonymous with wide-reaching change… a remarkable departure from the social norms and values of the 1950s. The 2nd half of the decade witnessed at the same time exciting, radical, and subversive events and trends of the period, which continued to develop in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and beyond.

  2. In the second half of the decade, young people began to rebel against the conservative norms of the time. A new "counterculture" sparked a social revolution throughout much of the western world. It began in the US as a reaction against the materialism and social conformity of the 1950s, and the US government's extensive military intervention in Vietnam. The youth involved in the popular social aspects of the movement became known as “hippies”. The counterculture created a movement toward liberation in society, including the sexual revolution, questioning authority and government, and demanding more freedoms and rights for women, homosexuals, and minorities. Let’s get specific…

  3. Quick Review: 1960 - 1963 • The Kennedy years: hope and optimism • Man on the Moon • Confronting social problems: racism, poverty, environment’s destruction • MLK’s “I Have a Dream” speech • JFK’s assassination was “like a national car crash”…hope & optimism replaced by lingering sense of anxiety about the future

  4. A Central theme: Vietnam The Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1954 to April 30, 1975. The war was fought between communist North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States.

  5. Quick history: • Former French colony…in the continuing war for their own independence, the Viet Minh drove the French out in 1954 • US stepped in…who else would halt the spread of communism? (domino theory) • Ike sent in a few military advisors • Over time, more “advisors” were sent…JFK continued the trend…at the time of his assassination, ~ 15,000 U.S. troops there

  6. Escalation: more troops • Incident in the Tonkin Gulf (1964) • USS Maddox • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Notice to report for Army physical

  7. Go to UNIT 18 Worksheet 1 (P. 980-84) • Work with a partner to answer the questions • You have 20 minutes of class time…finish for HW • Graded today for on-task effort • Final grade for completeness & accuracy

  8. Public Opinion in 1965 • Public largely supported U.S. involvement at 1st • 1965 poll: 61% backed LBJ’s Vietnam policy of “escalation” • U.S. troop strength: • end of ’65 = 180,000 • end of ’67 = 500,000

  9. Images

  10. “Americanizing the war…” • Sec. of Defense Robert McNamara and Gen. William Westmorelandadvised LBJ to increase troops on the ground… • To stop N. Vietnam from supplying the Vietcong in the South, LBJ orders sustained bombing of the North…

  11. “Operation Rolling Thunder” LBJ ordered the high altitude heavy bombing of targets in North Vietnam. Assumption: our superior military weapons would be decisive…

  12. Flawed military assumptions • Nature of the fighting…not like past wars • Enemy’s tactics negated our superior tech & weapons

  13. Nature of the War: • Guerilla war

  14. VC used a complex Tunnel system

  15. Nature of the War We underestimated VC’s resolve “Search and destroy” missions RESULT: SINKING MORALE AS TIME WENT ON

  16. By 1967, as U.S. casualties mounted and with no real progress in sight, many Americans became increasingly more disillusioned with the war…

  17. Go to UNIT 18 Worksheet 2 (P.985-91) • Work with a partner to answer the questions • You have 25 minutes to get it done! • Graded today for on-task effort • Graded on quiz day for completeness & accuracy

  18. The Anti-War Movement gathers momentum

  19. A Counterculture comes of age: Webster’s: counterculture n. A culture, especially of young people, with values or lifestyles in opposition to those of the established culture.

  20. Origins: 1950’s: the “Beats” (short for “beatniks”) protested the materialism of the 1950s The civil rights struggle to bring about change The Free Speech Movement (UC at Berkeley, 1964) Deepening involvement in Vietnam

  21. In the early 60s music was pretty innocent… Popular themes: typical teenage issues - love, cars, having fun

  22. Music began to change… • the Beatles arrived in ’64…led the “British Invasion” • Their earlier music was about typical youthful concerns…all very innocent enough The Beatles 1st Appearance on Ed Sullivan

  23. While a lot of “bubble gum” music still sold, more and more music had a message…an edge…an attitude

  24. The Who, in "My generation", Live, Monterey International Pop Festival. The Byrds Byrds - Eight miles high 1966 - YouTube Jimi Hendrix Eric Clapton with Cream: 1967 Cream 1967 Jimi Hendrix

  25. Increasing drug use • Dope is no longer an “urban, ghetto problem”….it has moved out to suburbia and college campuses • Marijuana and hashish • Hallucinogens…LSD, mescaline • Timothy Leary, former Harvard professor advocated taking psychedelic drugs to “expand the consciousness”…he urged American youth to “turn on, tune in, and drop out”

  26. The “Generation Gap” • Youth felt alienated… disconnected from their parents’ generation • Rejected parents’ values…criticized materialism, racism, pollution…everything • “Don’t trust anyone over 30” was a popular notion

  27. Haight-Ashbury District, San Francisco Became a Mecca for America’s counterculture… 1967 was the “Summer of Love”: free love, drugs, “doin’ your own thing”…

  28. Protesting the War • Drawing from the experience of the civil rights movement, many protests were non-violent:

  29. Sit-ins Members of the military police keep back Vietnam War protesters during their sit-in on October 21, 1967, at the Mall Entrance to the Pentagon.

  30. Rallies / Speeches

  31. Protest Marches and Rallies

  32. Percent of Americans Approving Troops in Vietnam 1965-1971

  33. So…the war that was supported by a majority of Americans in 1965 was becoming increasingly less popular, particularly with America’s younger generation. But the worst still lay ahead for America…the pivotal year 1968 Go to the next Powerpoint presentation (“Show 2”) on my webpage

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