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Comprehensive Overview of H.264 Video Coding Standard Development

This document provides an in-depth examination of the H.264 video coding standard, which aims for high-performance video compression. It begins with fundamental concepts such as block-based structures, network compatibility, and coding controls. The encoder's architecture, including motion estimation and compensation techniques, is discussed, highlighting advancements in efficiency. It details quantization steps, multiple reference frame usage, and entropy coding methods like UVLC and CABAC. Key features and optional modes are explained, making this resource invaluable for video coding professionals.

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Comprehensive Overview of H.264 Video Coding Standard Development

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  1. H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 Nimrod Peleg March 2003

  2. 0101... Q VLC DCT + + .. bit stream - Q -1 Intra / Inter image sequence switch DCT -1 + + + M.C. MEM M.E. Encoder

  3. 0101... Q VLC DCT + + .. bit stream - Q -1 Intra / Inter image sequence switch DCT -1 + + + M.C. MEM M.E. Encoder

  4. 0101... Q VLC DCT + + .. bit stream - Q -1 Intra / Inter image sequence switch DCT -1 + + + M.C. MEM M.E. Encoder

  5. 0101... Q VLC DCT + + .. bit stream - Q -1 Intra / Inter image sequence switch DCT -1 + + + M.C. MEM M.E. Encoder

  6. 0101... Q VLC DCT + + .. bit stream - Q -1 Intra / Inter image sequence switch DCT -1 + + + M.C. MEM M.E. Encoder

  7. Previous Standards

  8. H.264 Brief review • Goal • Develop a high-performance video coding standard. • Start from zero. • No backward compatibility. • Assumptions • Block based. • Software implementation. • Network friendly.

  9. Coding control Entropy Coder .. Q IDCT + + 0101... Image sequence - bit stream Q -1 Intra/Inter Switch -1 IDCT + + + Frames Store M.C. M.E. H.264 Encoder

  10. Transform • DCT like. • Integer arithmetic only. • without multiplications. • Optional use of a 4x4 transform block size.

  11. Quantization • Compounding quantization step. • Thirty-two different quantization step sizes. • The step sizes are increased at a compounding rate of approximately 12.5%. • Different quantizer for luminance, chrominance. • Two different coefficient-scanning patterns. • The simple zigzag scan. • The double scan.

  12. Frames Store • The H.264 standard offers the option of having multiple reference frames in inter picture coding. • Up to five different reference frames could be selected. • Resulting in better subjective video quality and more efficient coding of the video frame under consideration. • Using multiple reference frames might help making the H.264 bit-stream error resilient.

  13. Motion Estimation & Compensation • Motion Estimation is where H.264 makes most of its gains in coding efficiency. • Quarter pixel accurate motion compensation. • Translation only. • The standard does not determine which algorithm should be used.

  14. Different modes of dividing a macroblock for motion estimation in H.264 Motion Estimation & Compensation • Seven optional modes.

  15. Entropy Coding • H.264 has adopted two approaches for entropy coding : • Universal Variable Length Codes (UVLCs) • One table. • Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC)

  16. Intra prediction • 9 optional prediction modes for each 4x4 luma block. • 4 optional modes for a 16x16 luma block. • 4 optional prediction modes for a 8x8 chroma component. • One mode for 4x4 chroma block.

  17. Summery • Transform • IDCT • Optional use of a 4x4 transform block size. • Quantizer • step sizes are increased at a compounding rate of approximately 12.5%. • Two coefficient-scanning patterns. • Motion estimation and compensation • Translation only. • A number of different block sizes are used for motion prediction. • Quarter pixel positions are used for motion prediction.

  18. Summery • Frames store • Multiple reference frames may be used for prediction. • Entropy coding • Only one regular VLC is used for symbol coding.

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