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The Master Reader Updated Edition by D. J. Henry

Chapter 11. Inferences. The Master Reader Updated Edition by D. J. Henry. Inferences. An inference or conclusion is an idea that is suggested by the facts or details in a situation or a passage. A valid inference is a logical conclusion based on evidence.

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The Master Reader Updated Edition by D. J. Henry

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  1. Chapter 11 Inferences The Master Reader Updated Editionby D. J. Henry

  2. Inferences • An inference or conclusion is an idea that is suggested by the facts or details in a situation or a passage. • A valid inference is a logical conclusion based on evidence. • What are the emotions shown in this picture?

  3. Inferences & Context Clues • Nikki is not her usual docile self when she is playing basketball; she has more fouls called on her for unnecessary roughness than any of her teammates. • A. bold • B. meek • C. brave

  4. Making VALID Inferences and Avoiding Invalid Conclusions • Common pitfalls are to rely too much on opinions and bias, and to ignore the facts. • An invalid conclusion is a false inference that is not based on the details, or facts in the text or on reasonable thinking.

  5. Step 1: Verify and Value the Facts • What can be inferred from the picture? • The tennis player feels confused. • The tennis player feels triumphant. • The tennis player feels defeated.

  6. Step 2: Assess Prior Knowledge • What you already know and have experienced can help make accurate inferences: • “I forgot to make a back-up copy of my brain, so everything I learned last semester was lost.” • Compared to a computer • Compared to a friend • Compared to what he knows

  7. Step 3: Learn from the Text • Rely on the information in the text. • Using the master reader strategies can help you learn from the text. For example: • Context clues • Thought patterns • Stated and implied main ideas • Tone and purpose

  8. Step 4: Investigate for Bias • Note biased words and replace them with factual details. • For example: • Jack Nicklaus is a talented golfer with a record that includes an astounding number of PGA Tour victories resulting in an outstanding amount of money earned. • Jack Nicklaus is a talented golfer with a record that includes 73 official PGA Tour victories with a total of nearly $6 million in Tour earnings.

  9. Step 5: Detect Contradictions • Hunt for the most reasonable explanation • Consider other explanations • What are some explanations for: • Poor balance? • Depression? • Fatigue or tiredness?

  10. Inferences in Creative Expression • Creative expression - literary devices • “Gene’s skin was pale and hot to the touch; he squeezed his eyes tight against the throbbing in his head, and as he lifted his fingers to press on his temple, his stomach lurched with nausea.”

  11. Inferences and Visual Aids • Pictures, photos, cartoons, and graphs imply ideas in textbooks.

  12. Chapter Review • An inference or conclusion is an idea that is suggested by the facts or details in a passage. • Make valid inferences: • Verify and Value the facts • Assess Prior Knowledge • Learn from the Text • Investigate the Bias • Detect Contradictions • Use supplied visuals in texts to make valid inferences.

  13. Practice Complete the following: • Chapter Review • Applications • Review Tests • Mastery Tests ***Remember to complete your scorecard for the Review Tests in this chapter.*** Visit www.ablongman.com/henry for more practice!

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