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Drugs and Consciousness

Drugs and Consciousness. Psychoactive Drug a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood Physical Dependence physiological need for a drug marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms Psychological Dependence a psychological need to use a drug for example, to relieve negative emotions.

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Drugs and Consciousness

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  1. Drugs and Consciousness • Psychoactive Drug • a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood • Physical Dependence • physiological need for a drug • marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms • Psychological Dependence • a psychological need to use a drug • for example, to relieve negative emotions

  2. Big effect Response to first exposure Drug effect After repeated exposure, more drug is needed to produce same effect Little effect Large Small Drug dose Dependence and Addiction • Tolerance • diminishing effect with regular use • Withdrawal • discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use

  3. Psychoactive Drugs • Depressants – “downers” • drugs that reduce neural activity • alcohol, barbiturates, opiates • slow body functions- sympathetic NS

  4. Psychoactive Drugs • Alcohol • affects motor skills, judgment, and memory • reduces self awareness • Disrupts processing of recent events into long-term memories • large amts – depressant, small amts - stimulant

  5. Animation - Alcohol http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synapse.swf http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

  6. Psychoactive Drugs • Barbiturates • tranquilizers, mimic effects of alcohol • drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

  7. Psychoactive Drugs • Opiates • opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin) • opiates depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety • highly addictive

  8. Animation - Heroin http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synapse.swf http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

  9. Psychoactive Drugs • Stimulants – “uppers” • drugs that excite neural activity • caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine • speed up body functions – nicknamed “speed”

  10. Animation • Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synapse.swf http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

  11. Psychoactive Drugs • Amphetamines • drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speed-up in body functions and associated energy and mood changes • more powerful than cocaine

  12. Psychoactive Drugs • Cocaine • effects depend on dosage, form, expectations, personality and situation (coca leaves, powder, crack ) • Blocks dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine – depression, irritability

  13. Cocaine Euphoria and Crash

  14. Psychoactive Drugs • Ecstasy • MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) • stimulant and mild hallucinogen • dangerous short and long term effects • Blocks the reabsorbtion of serotonin, releases dopamine

  15. Animation - Ecstasy http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

  16. Psychoactive Drugs • Hallucinogens • psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input • LSD • MDMA (Ecstasy)

  17. Psychoactive Drugs • LSD • lysergic acid diethylamide, also as acid • a powerful hallucinogenic drug • chemically similar to serotonin and block it • THC • the major active ingredient in marijuana • triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations • cognitive effects out last the use of the drug

  18. Animation - LSD http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

  19. Near-Death Experiences • Near-Death Experience • an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death • often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

  20. Psychoactive Drugs

  21. Trends in Drug Use

  22. Perceived Marijuana Risk

  23. Near-Death Experiences • Dualism • the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact • Monism • the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

  24. Links • Meth Ingredients – http://www.kci.org/meth_info/sites/Riverside_County.htm Meth Epidemic – PBS Frontline Series http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/#2

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