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Geschichte des amerikanischen Films

1990 bis heute. Geschichte des amerikanischen Films. domestic BO: 2000: 7,75 Milliarden 2009: 10,6 Mrd . number of tickets: 2002: 1,57 Mrd . 2010: 1,34 Mrd . 6 Majors – 80% BO. Warner Disney Sony Paramount Fox Universal. Mergers & Aquisitions.

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Geschichte des amerikanischen Films

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  1. 1990 bis heute Geschichte des amerikanischen Films Claus Tieber

  2. domestic BO: • 2000: 7,75 Milliarden • 2009: 10,6 Mrd. • number of tickets: • 2002: 1,57 Mrd. • 2010: 1,34 Mrd. Claus Tieber

  3. 6 Majors – 80% BO • Warner • Disney • Sony • Paramount • Fox • Universal Claus Tieber

  4. Mergers & Aquisitions • 1993: Viacom merged with Paramount • 1995: Seagram kauftMCA/Universal • 1995: Disney kauft Capital Cities/ABC • 1995: Time Warner und Turner Broadcasting System • 2000: Vivendi kauft MCA Claus Tieber

  5. Tentpoles & Franchises • Tentpoles: • Media events • Promotional tie-ins • easy sells in world markets • ability to spin off sequels to create a franchise Claus Tieber

  6. Entwicklungen • Outside investors • Reduced studio overheads • Tougher deals with talent agents • New breed of studio agents, execs who built their reputation outside of Hollywood • Dying DVD business • Fragmentation of the audience • Unknown impact of the internet and social media Claus Tieber

  7. Trends und Genres • Fantasy (Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter) • Action Comics (Batman, Spiderman etc.) • Theme Park Rides (Pirates of the Caribbean) • Märchen (Shrek) • Spielzeug (Transformers) • Cartoon shows • Video games • Original stories (Pixar) Claus Tieber

  8. Comicverfilmungen • DC und Marvel • DC gehörtzu WB (Superman, Batman etc) • Marvel gehörtheutezu Disney (Spider-Man, X-Men, Iron Man etc.) • 70er Jahre: vier Superman Filme • Erster Batman-Film 1989 • Marvel: Erfolg von X-Men und Spider-Man • Marvel Studios • Vertrieben von Paramount Claus Tieber

  9. Family • Family Films: • Especially well on the home video market • G-rated films Claus Tieber

  10. Animation • Dreamworks • 1994 von Spielberg, Katzenberg und David Geffen gegründet • 2000 Dreamworks Animation (Shrek 2001) • Fox Animation Blue Sky (Ice Age 2002) • Disney • Pixar Claus Tieber

  11. 3D • digital 3D • DigitalisierungalsVoraussetzung • Single-projector Claus Tieber

  12. 3D • 2009: 16.000 screens worldwide 3D tauglich • Avatar • 2011: 3SommerHits: Transformers, Pirates, Harry Potter 3D • 2013: 7 von 10 top ten BO Claus Tieber

  13. Star salaries • First dollar gross • A share of the profits after their picture broke even • 2006: Firing of Tom Cruise in August • Ending Paramount's 14 year relationship with Cruise • Paradigm shift in the industry Claus Tieber

  14. WB • Films are no longer mere movies but brands • Harry Potter • Warner purchased the studio • Soundtrack Atlantic records • Cover story EW • Advance review Time • AOL promotion Claus Tieber

  15. Disney • Katzenberg kündigtbei Disney und gründetmit Spielberg und Geffen Dreamworks • 2006: Disney kauft Pixar • 2009 Disney kauft Marvel • Disney (family) • Pixar (animation) • Marvel (superheroes) • Disney closed down both Touchstone and Miramax Claus Tieber

  16. Sony • Spider Man 1999 • Laura Ziskin, producer • Sony Pictures Classics: foreign and upscale art films • Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs • Sony made the picture available to owners of Sony Bravia TVs ad Blue Ray players with internet capability on demand for a 25$ fee before the DVD window Claus Tieber

  17. Paramount • 1993: Viacom kauft Paramount • Sherry Lansing first woman to run a major studio • Co-produce Titanic with Fox • 2005 Brad Grey CEO (Producer of Sopranos 1999-2007) • Exclusive distribution deal with Marvel Studios • 2008 kauftDreamworksSKG Claus Tieber

  18. Fox • Fox 2000 • Fox Family Films • Fox Searchlight Pictures • Fox 2000 led by Laura Ziskin: films for young women • Titanic 1,8 Mrd. worldwide • Avatar outside investors – Paramount Pictures • X-Men • Star Wars • Ice Age Claus Tieber

  19. Universal • Seagram kauft Polygram • Polygram Film Entertainment, independent, incl. Working Title Films • Imagine Entertainment (Howard and Brian Grazer seit1986) • Focus Feature • Animation: Illumination (Despicable Me) Claus Tieber

  20. Distribution • Jährlichkommen ca. 500 Filme in den USA ins Kino • Ca. 100 von den Majors • Top grossers 80% domestic BO • BO grosses: total sales • Distribution gross • First dollar gross deal Claus Tieber

  21. Distribution • Distribution then and now presents high barriers to entry • Worldwide sales force & capital to finance a slate of twenty and more pictures a year • Mass production of motion pictures ceased • Organize production units to tailor-make individual motion pictures; Hired and let go Claus Tieber

  22. Neue Rollen der Studios • Studios as bankers supplying financing • As landlords renting studio space • As distributor • Marketing their blockbusters individually Claus Tieber

  23. Exhibition: Top five chains • Regal Entertainment Group • AMC Entertainment • Cinemark Theaters • Carmike Theaters • National Amusements Claus Tieber

  24. Exhibition • Opening day template • Opening weekend • Create a unique brand Claus Tieber

  25. Exhibition • Theatrical run largest single revenue source • Return to the exhibition business by majors • 2000er Jahre: New mexaplexes free-standing • concession sales 20% of theaters revenue on average, but half of its profits • theater advertising (Werbungimkino) Claus Tieber

  26. Publikum • 3 age groups: • 24 und drunter • 25-39 • 40 plus • 24 and under: • teenagers 12-17 • young adults 18-24, Generation Y, Millenials, Echo Boomers: • third of the population, but nearly half of tickets Claus Tieber

  27. Saturation booking • Saturation booking • Harry Potter 2001: 8.200 screens in 3.672 theaters 90 Mill. First WE • Spider-Man 2002 7.500 screens, 115 Mill, • Avatar 2009 3452 theaters (2.023 in 3D) 73 Mill first WE (2H41Min!) Claus Tieber

  28. Release periods • holiday season: thanksgiving-christmas • Summer: memorial day WE, 4th July • 40-50 % of the annual take • release blockbusters simultanuaslyworldwide (or nearly so) • LOTR: Return of the King: 28Länder in 5 Tagen Claus Tieber

  29. Marketing • Marketing budget is the single largest item outside the actual production cost, and nearly all the money (80%) is spend on the theatrical opening • TV ads: network, cable, spot, syndicated, Spanish language • Newspapers • Internet • Outdoor • Radio • Magazines Claus Tieber

  30. Trailer &Teaser • Prime-time 30sec. spot on one of the four American networks: ca. 100.000 $ • Thursday night: biszu 200.000 $ • Super Bowl: 3 Mill. $ Claus Tieber

  31. Marketing Events • ShoWestin Las Vegas in March • ShoEast in Orlando in the autumn • Comic Con International July San Diego • Premieres • Toronto Film Festival Claus Tieber

  32. Viralmarketing • The Blair Witch Project (1999) • Lauched on April Fool's Day 1999 • Site treated The BW Project as real event • 27 theaters – 1000 theaters – 2000 • 140 Mill. US und 250 Mill Worldwide • one of the most profitable films in history Claus Tieber

  33. Internet • Fan Sites: • Ain't It Cool News • Dark Horizons • Reports on test-screenings • The Potter Wars • LOTR • social networks as FB and Twitter Claus Tieber

  34. Ancillary markets: Home Video • 1989: revenue from the sale and rental of videocassettes more than double the domestic BO • 1997: DVD, a seller's market  • 2006: 24 Mrd.ausdem DVD Verkauf, danachRückgang • Videothekenwerdengeschlossen • Netflix, Redbox • Blockbuster geht 2010 in Konkurs • 2008: Blue Ray  Claus Tieber

  35. Ancillary Markets • Pay TV: • HBO • Showtime • Free TV • Packages 25Titelund mehr • Netflix • 2007: online streamings • Redbox • PPV/VOD Claus Tieber

  36. Independents • Made by outside producers • Avant-garde, museums, festivals • Self-financed films • Character and script driven works Claus Tieber

  37. New Line • 1977: startetFilmproduktion • 1984: Nightmare on Elm Street • Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles • Fine Line 1990 • Gus Van Sant • Jim Jarmusch • Robert Altman Claus Tieber

  38. Miramax • 1979: foundedbyBob and Harvey Weinstein • 1989: My Left Foot, Sex, Lies and Videotape, Cinema Paradiso • The Crying Game • Dimension pictures (Horror) Claus Tieber

  39. Speciality arms of majors • Sony Pictures Classic • Disney and Miramax • Fox Searchlight • Paramount Vantage • Focus Feature • Warner Independent Films Claus Tieber

  40. Festivals • ca. 1000 Festivals in Nordamerika • Retailers: zeigenFilme, die auf anderen Festivals erfolgreichwaren • Sundance • Toronto • Tribeca Film Festival • South by Southwest Claus Tieber

  41. Mini-Majors • Lions Gate • Summit Entertainment • Relativity Media Claus Tieber

  42. Zusammenfassung • Safety in production • Reducing overheads • Declining DVD sales • PPV/VOD • Speciality units closed or sold • Mini-majors: Lions Gate: Hunger Games, Twilight Claus Tieber

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