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Salam !

Salam !. Number your paper #1-8. Write down the first word or phrase that comes to your mind for each picture. There are no right or wrong answers. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ISLAM. HWH. Introduction. Muslims practice religion known as Islam Islam means “Submitting to God”

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Salam !

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  1. Salam! Number your paper #1-8. Write down the first word or phrase that comes to your mind for each picture. There are no right or wrong answers.

  2. 1

  3. 2

  4. 3

  5. 4

  6. 5

  7. 6

  8. 7

  9. 8

  10. ISLAM HWH

  11. Introduction • Muslims practice religion known as Islam • Islam means “Submitting to God” • Mostly found in Middle East, but 2 billion worldwide • Due to recent events (9/11) Islam has been in the news

  12. Muhammad • Before Islam, most Arabs (people living in Middle East) practiced religion w/ many gods • Muhammad (570-632) • Wealthy businessman who lived in Mecca • At 25, married a 40 year old woman named Khadija • Upset at how most Arabs lived • Drinking, gambling, being unfaithful bothered him • Believed the Arab gods were bad and the God of the Jews and Christians was THE ONLY GOD • God was called “Allah” (father) • While praying on a hill outside Mecca, Gabriel, the angel that spoke to Moses, told him to spread his message to the Arabs about God

  13. Muhammad • Told people Allah is their only God • Many Arabs did not want to hear this (violence) • Flees to Medina • This year 622“Year of the Hijra” is first year of the calendar • Other Arabs mad at Muhammad and invaded to end this new religion • Muhammad and people of Medina defend their city over and over • In 630, Muhammad invades Mecca • Muhammad wins, but dies 2 years later • Most Arabs become Muslim

  14. Spread of Islam • Muhammad dies in 632 AD and father-in-law, oldest friend, Abu Bakr becomes leader of new religion • “Caliph” – successor to the prophet • Caliphs conquered Syria, Persia, North Africa in 25 years • New “Muslim” empire treated people well • Could either accept Islam, or pay a tax to empire • Some killed, but many converted • Many didn’t even resist their taking over

  15. Spread of Islam • Tried to take over Constantinople (711) • First major conflict between Muslims and Christians • DID enter Europeand Moors ruled Spain • Tried to enter France, defeated at Battle of Tours (732) • Muslim influence in Europe stopped at Spain

  16. Spread of Islam

  17. Uthman:ooth-MAHN Mu’awiya: moo-AH-wee-ya Sunni: SOOH-nee Shi’ah: SHEE-ah Islam Splits • Muslims killed their 3rdcaliph, Uthman • Causes BIG division in Islam • Brief civil war, the next caliph Ali is killed, Mu’awiya takes over (661) • Those that followed Mu’awiya called Sunni • Those that followed Ali’s sons were called Shi’ah (Shiite) • Violence then, violence now between the two • 90% Sunni, 10% Shiite

  18. Islamic Powers • Turks • Originally from steppes of Asia • Ruled by Sultan • Moors • North African Berbers • Tariq led army into Spain (711) and stayed for 700 years

  19. Islamic Civilization • Traders • Producers: artisans, spices, textiles • Astronomers • Medicine • Most important contribution • Surgeriesand hospitals • Basis for Renaissance revival of medicine/learning • Mathematics • Art & architecture • Calligraphy

  20. The Alhambra, Spain

  21. The Alhambra, Spain

  22. Quran • Quran is holy book of Islam • 1 God • Prophets include Abraham, Jesus, & Moses • Muhammad = prophet • Words of angel Gabriel compiled over 23 years • Believe in Judgment Day and human resurrection

  23. Quran & 5 Pillars • Contains Muhammad’s writings for proper living • Five Pillars of Faith • 1st -Must say Muhammad is God’s prophet • 2nd-Must pray 5 times a day facing the direction of Mecca • 3rd-Give money to charity • 4th-People must fast during Ramadan, the Holy Month, during the daylight • 5th-Every Muslim must travel to Mecca once to pray and worship (Hajj) Kaaba in Mecca

  24. Islamic Culture • Requires a strict code of virtuous conduct • Beliefs stressed in the Koran • Cannot drink alcohol or eat pork (like Jews) • Allows for polygamy (multiple wives) • Only four, must be treated equally • Women can only have one husband • Allowed slavery, but encouraged freedom

  25. Jihad • Idea of Jihad—“Struggle” (Holy War) • Interpreted differently (violent vs. nonviolent) • Anyone who died in this kind of “struggle” would receive blessings in heaven • Major issue today

  26. Worship • Muslims worship in mosques • No images or statues (not even Muhammad) • No ceremonies or priesthood • Prayer services led my learned Muslims • Women pray separately from men in mosques • Common features • Minaret (tower), dome, and no furniture • Mirab: niche that points toward Kaaba in Mecca

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